Animal Science 103 Exam #1 verified answers and questions 2023.

Animal Science 103 Exam #1 verified answers and questions 2023. What are the animal contributions to the total world food supply? - correct answers.16% Calories 37% Protein 45% Fat Signalment - correct answers.An Animals species, age, weight, stage and level of production. Monogastrics - correct answers.Have 1 stomach- acidic Don't depend on mictobial digestion Use of digestive enzymes Depend on concentrate feeds Ex. swine, poultry, dogs, cats, humans Herbivore, Monogastric, Hindgut Fermenter - correct answers.Microbial breakdown & fermentation of roughage occurs after the stomach in the cecum and large intestines. Ex. Horse Nutrients - correct answers.Feed constituents necessary for cells to live, grow, and function. Composed of elements or compounds. Carbohydrates - correct answers.Structure: Carbon Hydrogen & Oxygen Major Energy Source Minerals - correct answers.Elements other than C, H, N, O (inorganic) Purpose: Components of bones and teeth and an important part of the body's enzymes. Fat- Soluble Vitamins - correct answers.A. Pigment in the retina; reproductive ability; immunity B. Sun-skin-liver-kidney= Ca absorption in the intestines E. Antioxidant; cell-signaling; neurological functions; reproduce. K. Blood clotting Water-Soluble Vitamins - correct answers.C (ascorbic acid)- Aid teeth/bone formation & infection prevention Free Martin - correct answers.A sterile female born with a male twin receives cells 60 chromosomes in cells she received from her brother. Heritibility estimates - correct answers.Likelihood of a trait being passed from offspring to parent. Additive gene effect - correct answers.Multiple genes determine expression of a trait. ex. milk production, carcass traits, weight gain. Nonadditive gene effect - correct answers.Only 1 or a few pairs of genes determine expression of a trait. Ex. Horned condition in cattle Genomics - correct answers.Study of the function of genes and their inter- relationships, with a focus on trait expression. Surgical contraception options for males - correct answers.Castration: elimination of the testes Vasectomy: removal of a segment of the ductus deferens Epididymectomy- removal of a segment of the epididymis Nonsurgical contraception options for males - correct answers.Separation of the sexes Castration Intrasticular injection Hormones Immunocontraception Intraseticular injection - correct answers.MOA= destroys sperm in all stages of maturation in the semiferous tubules & empididymis. Within days, scar tissue forms in the testes. Hormones (in males) - correct answers.Use reproductive steroids to cause negative feedback, effectively shutting down the Hypothalamic- Pituitary- Gonadal axis. Surgical contraception options for females - correct answers.Ovariohysterectomy- removal of the ovaries & uterus (spay0 Ovariectomy- removal of the ovaries Salphingectomy- removal of the oviducts Progesterone - correct answers.Negative feedback on the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary (shuts down ovulation & estrus behavior). Effects carnivores much more harmfully, causing, weight gain, hyperplastic mammary changes, pyometra, diabetes mellitus. GnRH - correct answers.Used as an implant in carnivores every 6 to 12 months as a contraceptive. Inhibits estrus/ prevents pregnancy Immunocontraception - correct answers.Stimulate production of antibodies that bind to and interrupt reproductive proteins Zona Pellucida - correct protein membrane around the oocyte plasma membrane. Antibodies against certain zona pellucida receptors will block sperm receptor sites and thereby prevent sperm attachment to the egg = no fertilization! 35mm Autoclaved Glass Marbel - correct answers.Causes a pseudopregnancy, or formation of a persistent corpus luteum, was noted as the reason for the prolonged suppression of estrus --- the intrauterine marble caused an alteration in prostaglandin secretion from the uterus. How many hours a day does a healthy cow rest? - correct answers.11-12 hr/day Heat Stress - correct answers.Cause: Temperature >77°F or Humidity indices >72°F Effects: 1) Decrease feed intake. 2) Decrease milk production by 8-10 pounds per day. 3) Decrease in pregnancy rates by 20%. 4) Increase incidence of certain illnesses, such as acidosis and laminitis. How much manure does the average how produce a day? - correct answers.82lbs manure per 1000lb BW per day. Manure Management - correct answers.Goal: Return the nutrient content of the manure back to the land. Options: 1.) Pasture 2.) Store- in- place 3.) Collect & storage +/- Anaerobic Digestion Store- in- place - correct answers.Temporary storage/ build-up of manure where animals are housed Collection systems - correct answers.Collect manure from the cows and transport to either the fiends or a storage site and then the fields.