Nclex Hurst Review- Pediatrics Readiness Exam 1-With 100% Verified Solutions-

NCLEX HURST REVIEW- PEDIATRICS READINESS EXAM 1-WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS- for a child with a heart defect, would you give them something to do that will get them excited and increase their heart rate? why? -CORRECT ANSWER--no, that would increase the workload of the heart *don't choose a "fun" toy would you give a child in a croup tent their favorite teddy bear from home? why? - CORRECT ANSWER--no, it would get wet and harbor bacteria would it be appropriate or inappropriate for you to get into the croup tent to play with an 18 months old baby? -CORRECT ANSWER--unless they're asleep, you will probably need to get into the croup tent with them to keep them in the tent and inhaling the humidified oxygen bring a change of clothes what toy is most appropriate for an infant? -CORRECT ANSWER--rattle when a baby is born, they all have an ___________ grasp reflex -CORRECT ANSWER- -involuntary when does the anterior fontanel close? -CORRECT ANSWER--12-18 months when does the posterior fontanel close? -CORRECT ANSWER--2-3 months why are new foods introduced to infants one at a time? -CORRECT ANSWER--worried about allergies and immature GI tract how is the earlobe positioned to view the auditory canal in a child under the age of two? -CORRECT ANSWER--down and back what is the most common reason for failed toilet training? -CORRECT ANSWER--they are not ready how many cups of milk should a 15 month old toddler consume daily? -CORRECT ANSWER--2-3 cups at what age does the best friend stage occur? -CORRECT ANSWER--9-10 years what are the major causes of accidents in children up to 1 year of age? -CORRECT ANSWER--falls, poison, and burns between ages 6-12, what is the major cause of accidents? -CORRECT ANSWER--MVA what happens to the growth rate between 6-12 years of age? -CORRECT ANSWER-- decreases a school age child requires, one average, how many calories per day? -CORRECT ANSWER--2400 calories how much earlier do girls experience the onset of puberty than boys? -CORRECT ANSWER--about 1-2 years talk to the _______ before you talk to the _________ -CORRECT ANSWER--parents, child what order should you take vital signs? -CORRECT ANSWER--respirations HR blood pressure/o2 sat temp always count RR and HR for ________ because of irregularities -CORRECT ANSWER- -1 minute if vital signs cannot be taken without disturbing the child then record the __________ with the measurements -CORRECT ANSWER--behavior how should you take the temperature of a child less than 2 yrs? -CORRECT ANSWER-- rectal, axillary, or tympanic when can you start doing oral temps? -CORRECT ANSWER--5-6 yrs the pulse/waveform/intensity display on the oximeter machine should correlate with the child's ________ pulse -CORRECT ANSWER--radial what do newborns respond to? -CORRECT ANSWER--human voice, presence, encourage parent's touch how should you speak to an infant? -CORRECT ANSWER--high-pitched voice, cuddle, pat, rub to calm toddlers and preschoolers have a greater ______ than expressive language - CORRECT ANSWER--receptive toddlers and preschoolers use _______ and ______ thinking -CORRECT ANSWER-- concrete, literal describe a toddlers/preschoolers cognitive development -CORRECT ANSWER-- egocentric, magical thinkers, animism toddlers/preschoolers express themselves through dramatic _____ and ______ - CORRECT ANSWER--play and drawing describe a school age child's cognitive development -CORRECT ANSWER--able to use logic, understands others point of view, understands cause and effect, understands body functions a school age child's receptive and expressive language is _________ -CORRECT ANSWER--balanced adolescents have ______ thinking without full _____ comprehension -CORRECT ANSWER--abstract, adult what are some nursing strategies for adolescents? -CORRECT ANSWER-- straightforward approach; talk in private area; conduct at least part of the interview without parents present what are some observable signs of respiratory dysfunction? -CORRECT ANSWER-- accessory muscle use nasal flaring circumoral pallor sternal retractions capillary refill 3 seconds what is laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)? -CORRECT ANSWER--the most common type of croup experienced by children admitted tot eh hospital primarily affects children under 5 yrs; caused from a viral infection what are some s/s of upper respiratory distress? -CORRECT ANSWER--slight to severe dyspnea barking or brassy cough increased temperature how do you treat LTB? -CORRECT ANSWER--manage children at home with mild croup (steam, car rides with windows down, cool-temperature therapy) if symptoms worsen, hospitalization is required (nebulized EPI, corticosteroids) nebulized epi has a ______ onset and improvement is seen in _______ mins - CORRECT ANSWER--rapid, 10-15 mins corticosteroids _________ inflammation of the airway -CORRECT ANSWER--decrease what is epiglottitis? -CORRECT ANSWER--a serious obstructive inflammatory process that occurs in children 2-5 years of age absence of cough, presence of dysphagia, rapid progression to severe respiratory distress ________ kids look worse than they sound; _________ kids sounds worse than they look -CORRECT ANSWER--epiglottitis, croup what is RSV? -CORRECT ANSWER--an acute viral infection that affects the bronchioles and includes RSV, bronchiolitis, and RSV pneumonia what is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in children less than 2 years? -CORRECT ANSWER--RSV what are some risk factors for RSV? -CORRECT ANSWER--prematurity congenital disorders smoke what medications do children @ high risk for RSV get? -CORRECT ANSWER-- palivizumab (Synagis) & respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin (RespiGam) what are some s/s of RSV? -CORRECT ANSWER--URI nasal discharge mild fever dyspnea nonproductive cough tachypnea with flaring nares retraction and possible wheezing it is important to know the s/s of RSV because the disease will become worse on days _____ -CORRECT ANSWER--2-3 how do you treat mild RSV? -CORRECT ANSWER--treat the symptoms-- antipyretics how do you treat severe RSV? -CORRECT ANSWER--suction oxygen/ventilation IV fluids albuterol (Proventil) antipyretics pneumonia is a disease marked by ___________ of the lungs -CORRECT ANSWER-- inflammation what causes pneumonia? -CORRECT ANSWER--viral: RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza bacterial: strep, usually 4 yrs mycotic: "walking pneumonia", adolescents aspiration: something other than air has gotten into the lungs the s/s of pneumonia are same as generalized __________ _____ -CORRECT ANSWER--respiratory distress how do you treat pneumonia? -CORRECT ANSWER--depends on type ABC's oxygen fluids antibiotics if bacterial supportive care: hydration, antipyretics, nebulizers what is asthma? -CORRECT ANSWER--inflammation and constriction of the airways, resulting in obstruction what are some s/s of asthma? -CORRECT ANSWER--cough