Physical Education OAE test with 100% correct answers

Cardiovascular Endurance Fitness of the heart, lungs and blood vessels including their ability to carry blood and oxygen to working muscles. (example: Running) Muscular Endurance Ability of muscles to perform physical tasks over a long period of time without tiring Muscular Strength Amount of force muscles can exert in a single effort Body Composition body fat vs. lean body tissue, such as bone, muscle, and fluid Flexibility the ability to move your muscles and joints through their full range of motion Principle of Specificity exercising a certain body part or component of the body primarily develops that part. The Principle of Specificity implies that, to become better at a particular exercise or skill, you must perform that exercise or skill. A runner should train by running, a swimmer by swimming and a cyclist by cycling. Principle Of Individual Differences because we all are unique individuals, we will all have a slightly different response to an exercise program (body size and shape, genetics, past experience, chronic conditions, injuries and even gender). Well-designed exercise programs should be based on our individual differences and responses to exercise. Principle of Overload a greater than normal stress or load on the body is required for training adaptation to take place. What this means is that in order to improve our fitness, strength or endurance, we need to increase the workload accordingly. Principle of Progression implies that there is an optimal level of overload that should be achieved, and an optimal time frame for this overload to occur. A gradual and systematic increase of the workload over a period of time will result in improvements in fitness without risk of injury. Principle of Adaptation the body's ability to adjust to increased or decreased physical demands. It is also one way we learn to coordinate muscle movement and develop sports-specific skills, such as batting, swimming freestyle or shooting free throws. Adaptation explains why beginning exercisers are often sore after starting a new routine, but after doing the same exercise for weeks and months they have little, if any, muscle soreness Principle of Use/Disuse implies that when it comes to fitness, you "use it or lose it." This simply means that your muscles hypertrophy with use and atrophy with disuse. anatomy Studies the STRUCTURE of body parts physiology Studies the FUNCTION of body parts skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body (206 bones). Provides attachment points for muscles to allow movements at the joints. New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our bones. Bones act as the body's warehouse for calcium, iron, and energy in the form of fat. muscular system responsible for the movement of the human body There are three types of muscle tissue: Visceral, cardiac, and skeletal. cardiovascular system cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and approximately 5 liters of blood. Responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products. digestive system a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body GI Tract: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. 6 major functions of digestive system Ingestion Secretion Mixing and movement Digestion Absorption Excretion endocrine system includes all of the glands of the body and the hormones produced by those glands. The glands are controlled directly by stimulation from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands. Help to maintain the body's homeostasis. endocrine system: processes regulated by the actions of hormones Cellular metabolism, reproduction, sexual development, sugar and mineral homeostasis, heart rate, and digestion nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts. nervous system: CNS vs. PNS CNS (central nervous system): brain and spinal cord form the control center where information is evaluated and decisions made. PNS (peripheral nervous system): sensory nerves and sense organs monitor conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS