MMSC491 Exam 2 (with 100% Error-free Answers)
phenotype correct answers the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype
genotype correct answers the genetic constitution of an individual organism
homozygous correct answers having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes
heterozygous correct answers having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
compound heterozygote correct answers The presence of two different mutated alleles at a particular gene locus
example of compound heterozygote correct answers Tay-Sachs disease, GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant, and Sandhoff disease might easily have been defined together as a single disease, because the three disorders are associated with failure of the same enzyme and have the same outcome
dominant correct answers dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other
copy of the chromosome
example of dominance correct answers V-shaped hairline, Almond-shaped eyes, Right handedness, Detached earlobes, Dark hair Brown eyes, baldness
recessive correct answers Refers to a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous; a trait that tends to be masked by other inherited traits, yet persists in a population among heterozygous genotypes
examples of recessive correct answers Cleft chin, dimples, freckles, Straight hairline, Round eyes, Left handedness, Attached earlobes, Blond hair, red hair, Blue eye
co-dominant correct answers refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual
example of co-dominance correct answers blood type. People with the AB blood type have one A allele and one B allele. Because both alleles are expressed at the same time, their blood type is AB.
pedigree correct answers a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a
particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next
sib correct answers sibling
male correct answers square female correct answers circle
sex unstated correct answers diamond
autosomal dominant correct answers Autosomal dominant inheritance is a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child. One copy of a mutated (changed) gene from one parent can cause the genetic condition. A child who has a parent with the mutated gene has a
50% chance of inheriting that mutated gene.
example of autosomal dominant correct answers Huntington's disease
autosomal recessive correct answers You inherit two changed genes (mutations), one from each parent.
example of autosomal recessive correct answers cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-
Sachs disease
consanguineous correct answers relating to or denoting people descended from the same ancestor, A feature of many recessive disorders
carrier correct answers is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but usually does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease, can pass on allele to offspring
x-linked recessive correct answers most often occurs in males, no male-to-male transmission, Female carriers with a single mutant allele can occasionally be quite severely affected and are known as manifesting heterozygotes
x-linked dominant correct answers more often occurs in females, All children born to an affected
mother have a 50% chance of being affected, An affected father with a single X chromosome will consistently have unaffected sons (but daughters will always be at risk because they will always inherit his affected X
y-linked correct answers if the altered gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a male's cells.
Because only males have a Y chromosome, in Y-linked inheritance, a variant can only be passed from father to son, Rare because of the lack of genes on Y chromosome
autosomal dominant pedigree correct answers autosomal recessive pedigree correct answers x-linked recessive pedigree correct answers x-linked dominant pedigree correct answers
phenotype correct answers the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype
genotype correct answers the genetic constitution of an individual organism
homozygous correct answers having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes
heterozygous correct answers having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
compound heterozygote correct answers The presence of two different mutated alleles at a particular gene locus
example of compound heterozygote correct answers Tay-Sachs disease, GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant, and Sandhoff disease might easily have been defined together as a single disease, because the three disorders are associated with failure of the same enzyme and have the same outcome
dominant correct answers dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other
copy of the chromosome
example of dominance correct answers V-shaped hairline, Almond-shaped eyes, Right handedness, Detached earlobes, Dark hair Brown eyes, baldness
recessive correct answers Refers to a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous; a trait that tends to be masked by other inherited traits, yet persists in a population among heterozygous genotypes
examples of recessive correct answers Cleft chin, dimples, freckles, Straight hairline, Round eyes, Left handedness, Attached earlobes, Blond hair, red hair, Blue eye
co-dominant correct answers refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual
example of co-dominance correct answers blood type. People with the AB blood type have one A allele and one B allele. Because both alleles are expressed at the same time, their blood type is AB.
pedigree correct answers a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a
particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next
sib correct answers sibling
male correct answers square female correct answers circle
sex unstated correct answers diamond
autosomal dominant correct answers Autosomal dominant inheritance is a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child. One copy of a mutated (changed) gene from one parent can cause the genetic condition. A child who has a parent with the mutated gene has a
50% chance of inheriting that mutated gene.
example of autosomal dominant correct answers Huntington's disease
autosomal recessive correct answers You inherit two changed genes (mutations), one from each parent.
example of autosomal recessive correct answers cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-
Sachs disease
consanguineous correct answers relating to or denoting people descended from the same ancestor, A feature of many recessive disorders
carrier correct answers is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but usually does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease, can pass on allele to offspring
x-linked recessive correct answers most often occurs in males, no male-to-male transmission, Female carriers with a single mutant allele can occasionally be quite severely affected and are known as manifesting heterozygotes
x-linked dominant correct answers more often occurs in females, All children born to an affected
mother have a 50% chance of being affected, An affected father with a single X chromosome will consistently have unaffected sons (but daughters will always be at risk because they will always inherit his affected X
y-linked correct answers if the altered gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a male's cells.
Because only males have a Y chromosome, in Y-linked inheritance, a variant can only be passed from father to son, Rare because of the lack of genes on Y chromosome
autosomal dominant pedigree correct answers autosomal recessive pedigree correct answers x-linked recessive pedigree correct answers x-linked dominant pedigree correct answers
