Client-Centered Care 1 Exam 2 Study Guide 2023

Client-Centered Care 1 Exam 2 Study Guide 2023 Vitamin A - Found in chicken livers, sweet potato with skin, carrots, spinach, and pumpkin. Deficiency causes night blindness, exophthalmia, and decreased immunity Vitamin D - Found in tuna fish, whole or fortified milk, fortified soy milk, and fortified cereal. Deficiency causes rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis Vitamin K - Found in green leafy vegetables, tuna fish, and tomato sauce. Deficiency causes hemorrhagic disease (newborn) and defective blood clotting Thiamin (B1) - Found in pork, beef, whole grains, and legumes Deficiency causes beriberi, neuropathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (alcoholism) Riboflavin (B2) - Found in milk products, organ meats, enriched grains and cereals Deficiency causes cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis Niacin (B3) - Found in meat and dairy, peanuts, enriched grains and cereals Deficiency causes pellagra, weakness, scaly dermatitis and neuritis Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - Found in meat, organ meats, legumes, bananas, and potatoes Deficiency causes hypochromic anemia and CNS abnormalities Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) - Found in meat, milk, cheese, egg, fortified cereals and juices Deficiency causes pernicious anemia, and neural tube defects in pregnancy Phosphrous - Formation of bones and teeth, participates in absorption of glucose. Found in milk, cheese, meats, egg yolk, whole grains, legumes and nuts. Requires 700 mg/day Deficiency causes hypophosphatemia, weakness, loss of appetite, fatigue and pain Risks for dehydration & diseases - Kidney infections, kidney stones, gallstones, and constipation, can advance to death, may adversely influence cognitive function and mood Risks for fluid volume overload (Hypervolemia) - Kidney disease, congestive heart failure and liver disease. Symptoms: Edema (puffiness), puffy eye lids, swollen hands, bounding pulse, rapid weight gain, cramping, swelling in abdomen, headache, shortness of breath, high blood pressure and fatigue. Energy needs - Energy must come from outside source (food). Macronutrients supply energy in form of calories, fat supplies most energy per gram. Involuntary body work uses most energy (circulation, respiration, digestion, absorption and other internal activities that maintain life. Voluntary work and exercise: conscious activities of daily living and physical activity BMI - Calculated using weight and stature. BMI = weight(kg)/stature(m^2) Dietary guidelines for Americans - *Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan *Focus on variety, nutrient density and amount *Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake *Shift to healthier food and beverage choices *Support healthy eating patterns for all A & P musculoskeletal - Tendon & Osteoblast - *Tendon- dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension and transmit the mechanical forces of muscle contraction to the skeletal system *Osteoblast- cells that form new bone, can come from bone marrow, related to structure cells, one nucleus, produce new bone called "osteoid" which is made of bone collagen and other protein Injuries - Sprain, Skeletal Traction, & Contractures - *Sprain- stretching or tearing of ligaments, the fibrous tissue that connects bones and joints *Skeletal Traction- treatment method for broken bones, combination of pulleys, pins, and weights used to promote healing of the fractured bone, a pin is placed inside the bone, pin provides a base for a pulley system *Contractures- fixed tightening of muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin; prevents normal movement of associated body parts such as a severe burn Complications related to fractures and interventions - Delayed union (fracture takes longer than normal to heal), malunion (fracture does not heal in normal alignment), non-union (fracture does not heal), joint stiffness, contractures Arthritis - Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age. Each type of arthritis has different causes, infections and underlying diseases Proper Body mechanics - Feet should be apart with one foot slightly in front of the other, keep back straight, bend from hips and knees, do not bend at the waist, life objects using arm and leg muscle, hold object close to body and at waist level