NAS 2 Challenge Exam Study Guide2023 with Complete Solutions

Levels of Organization: - ANSWER-chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal Survival Needs - ANSWER-nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature, atmospheric pressure Requirements for Life - ANSWER-maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth Homeostasis - ANSWER-ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously Basic Mechanisms - ANSWER-receptor, control center, effector Negative Feedback Mechanisms - ANSWER-most common homeostasis control mechanism; the net effect is that the original output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces the intensity Positive Feedback Mechanisms - ANSWER-cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as the an initial change Ionic bond - ANSWER-chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of electrons Covalent bond - ANSWER-shared electrons between atoms Hydrogen bond - ANSWER-hydrogen shares a pair of electrons with another atom Nonpolar - ANSWER-electrically balanced molecules Polar - ANSWER-non symmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms (water) Decomposition - ANSWER-molecule is broken down Synthesis - ANSWER-a chemical reaction in which larger, more complex molecule are formed from smaller ones Exchange - ANSWER-bonds are made and broken Organic Compounds - ANSWER-contain carbon