CSTU Final Exam Answered 100%

Industrialism - ANSWER--the industrial revolution well established in Great Britain from late 1700s to early 1800s Materialism - ANSWER--"belief that science, technology, and industry can know all truth, solve all problems, and create human happiness" -"what, ultimately, are the spiritual costs of their materialism and prosperity?" (348) Georg Hegel - ANSWER--German and philosophical Idealist (idea that reality grounded in "workways of the mind") -responsible for "the real is rational, the rational is real" -"mind engaged in a create struggle with history's materials and circumstances." What Hegel calls "dialectic" Karl Marx - ANSWER--responsible for "Das Kapital" and "The Communist Manifesto" -believed "history was propelled by material forces and the struggle of the classes" Utilitarianism - ANSWER--"the philosophic belief that moral good lies in the greatest happiness for the greatest number" Jeremy Bentham - ANSWER--a utilitarian -argues "happiness promised by social reforms could be positively and empirically measured John Stuart Mill - ANSWER--known for "On Liberty" -advocated women's right vote in "The Subjection of Women" -"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the verse of happiness" Charles Darwin - ANSWER--Darwinism -"On the Origin of Species" -natural selection The Modern City: London and the Victorian Era - ANSWER--England most prosperous and powerful of all industrial nations -noted for rapidly rising standards of living and "stunning technological advances" The Modern City and America - ANSWER--"the first truly modern buildings arose not in Paris but in the North American heartland" -Chicago architect Louis Sullivan develops first modern skyscraper (Wainright Building in St. Louis) -Sullivan marked by "form follows function" -Chicago-style skyscrapers become known as "commercial palaces" The Modern City: Paris - ANSWER--iron and glass construction -Eiffel Tower; designed by Gustave Eiffel -Henri Labrouste's National Library -Baron Georges-Eugene Houssmann rebuilds Paris by demolishing buildings and putting up new parts Realism - ANSWER--"the truthful and objective representation of the social world, without illusion or imaginative alternation -Gustave Courbet says painting can only consist of real and existing things (Burial at Ornans) Edouard Manet - ANSWER--a towering figure post-Courbet in 1860s Paris -known for his updating of traditional paintings -"Luncheon in the Grass" Thomas Eakins - ANSWER--known for his combo of "realist technique" with an "American matter-of-factness" -"The Gross Clinic" (visual record of all the individuals present in the medical amphitheater) Winslow Homer - ANSWER--"The Gulf Stream" -"Breezing Up" (or "A Fair Wind") Realism and Literature - ANSWER--primary literary genre of this age is the novel Charles Dickens - ANSWER--"British novelist perhaps most "outspoken in his protests against the injustices of industrialism" -his work focused on the "social evils of 19th-century England, particularly its cruelty to children" -"David Copperfield": depicts in highly fictionalized manner, Dicken's rise from poverty to literary prominence -"Oliver Twist" - depicts most clearly the immoral nature of the orphanage and legal system Gustave Flaubert - ANSWER--French novelist who grew up middle class -"Madame Bovary": a doctor's wife seeks love Giuseppe Verdi - ANSWER--enormously famous in his native Italy -Rigoletto, II Trovatore, La Traviata -"Otello" and "Falstaff" based on Shakespearean drama Richard Wagner - ANSWER--develops the Festspielhaus (Festival House) in Bayreuth to house his operas -known for his "Der Ring des Nibelungen" (or the Ring Cycle), a 16-18 hour performance of operas portraying the Nordic gods