NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 2 All questions and answers. Latest 2022/2023.

What is gastritis? - Ans-Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and inflamed and irritated What are the causes of gastritis? - Ans-Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria What is GERD? - Ans-the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly acidic stomach acid that comes up. What are the causes of GERD? - Ans-Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal sphincter or increases in abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and anatomical features like hiatal hernia What are complications of GERD? - Ans-Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer. Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring. Esophageal strictures, pulmonary symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in breathing passages. What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease? - Ans-epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric ulcers present on empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved by food). Can also be life threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop in H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis. What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease? - Ans-promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in acidic areas. It slows down ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and taking it away can help ulcers heal.What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff) - A