NR 228 Exam 2

NR 228 Exam 2 Secondary thiamin deficiency - ANS due to alcoholism liver needs thiamin to detoxify Risk for vitamin deficiencies - ANS older adults due to decreased absorption Water soluble vitamin - ANS Vitamin C are not stored int the body most likely to have deficiency in Fat soluble vitamin - ANS Vitamin A, D, and E Phytochemical intake - ANS eat variety of plant-based foods, including whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Thiamine need - ANS related to metabolic rate is a conenzyme in energy metabolism people with need for thiamine are professional athletes Riboflavin destroyed by - ANS ultraviolet light. riboflavin can be found in milk pellagra - ANS niacin deficiency disorder scurvy - ANS vitamin C deficiency Lack of folate - ANS spina bifida Tryptophan - ANS manufactures niacin Source of folate - ANS leafy green vegetables legumes ready-to-eat cereals some fruit & juices (oranges) megoblastic anemia - ANS due to folate deficiency S/Sx vitamin B12 deficiency - ANS hallucinations deluisons Intrinsic factor - ANS produced by the stomach important for absorption of vitamin B12 S/Sx folic acid deficiency - ANS irritability absent-mindedness depression anxiety S/Sx thiamin deficiency - ANS memory loss confusion Source of biotin - ANS liver kidney peanut butter egg yolks yeast Methionine - ANS synthesizes choline Preformed Vitamin A - ANS found in egg yolk blindness - ANS caused by vitamin A deficiency non-reversible but preventable Vitamin E source - ANS vegetable oils Rickets - ANS Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin toxicity - ANS usually caused by high-dose supplements over a long period of time. Vitamin K source - ANS green leafy vegetables Vitamin K defeciency - ANS due to long-term use of antibiotics softened water - ANS has relatively high levels of sodium Interstitial fluid - ANS fluid between cells loss of sodium - ANS will prompt release of aldosterone Bioavailability - ANS amount of mineral that can be absorbed by the body from a food Tea - ANS may decrease absorption of calcium Phosphorus source - ANS dairy foods Calcium source, for vegeterian - ANS legumes example: a bean burrito Max recommended Level - ANS 2400 mg Hemosiderosis - ANS storage of too much iron likely to occur in someone who drinks too much alcohol Main source of Iodine - ANS table salt Wilson's disease - ANS excessive accumulation of copper Chromium source - ANS oatmeal whole grain Progesterone levels - ANS may slow intestinal transit causing constipation Protein in diet increases - ANS higher intake prevents conversion of muscle to body fat Protein kcal - ANS 4 kcal Fat kcal - ANS 9 kcal Carbohydrates kcal - ANS 4 kcal ATP - ANS adenosine triphosphate traps energy released from foods 1 pound of fat - ANS 3500 kcal daily expenditure should be 500 Set point theory - ANS he/she will experience overall increase in hunger drive Iatrogenic malnutrition - ANS inadvertently caused by treatment or diagnostic procedure delayed meals due to hospital exams/procedures Percent weight change - ANS End weight - start weight / start weight x 100 Severe weight loss - ANS more than 5% in one month BMI 18.5 and under - ANS underweight BMI 18.5 - 24.9 - ANS normal weight BMI 25 - 29.9 - ANS Overweight BMI 30 or greater - ANS Obese Serum Albumin - ANS normal: 2.4 - 2.9