Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2

Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 Which cancer originates from connective tissue? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2osteogenic sarcoma Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which origin? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2epithelial cells Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2anaplasia What are tumor cell markers? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2hormones, enzymes, antigens and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells The function of the tumor cell marker is to: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2screen individuals at high risk for cancer Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of colon cancer? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2an accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth Apoptosis is: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive many cancers create a mutation of ras. ras is a (an): - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2intracellular-signaling protein that regulates cell growth oncogenes are genes that are capable of: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation. Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2chromosome translocation in childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2gene amplification What aberrant change causes the abnormal growth in retinoblastoma? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2the tumor suppressor gene is turned off Two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles of each gene: one from each parent the ras gene converts from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene by: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2altering one or more nucleotide base pairs how do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2to switch on the telomerase to enable cells to divide indefinitely What are characteristics of a benign tumor? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2they include the suffix -oma Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2lipoma, liposarcoma What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2HPV The papanicolaou (pap) test is used to screen for: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2cervical cancer What is the skin-related health risk induced by some forms of chemotherapy? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2infection Which cancers are all associated with chronic inflammation? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2colon, thyroid, urinary bladder chronic inflammation causes cancer by: - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2releasing compounds such as ROS that promote mutations inherited mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably what kind of gene? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2tumor-suppressor genes What is the consequence for cells when the functioning TP53 gene is lost as a result of mutation? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2cells escape apoptosis Which GI tract condition can be an outcome of both chemotherapy and radiation? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2stomatitis What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in cell metastasis? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2to develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells it has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding? - Maryville University Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2cancer is locally invasive