Nr 228 Exam 2 Revision Study Aid|Verified Document Latest 2023/2024

Iron – results of low levels in the diet; food sources of iron Low levels: Adolescents- cognitive issues, slow learner Anemia (fatigue, pallor, weakness, cold feeling, cognitive issues, decreased immunity and wound healing. Foods: Meat, fish, poultry, tofu, dried peas/beans/fruit, whole grains, formula, fortified foods. Vitamin D – functions of; sources of Function: Bones and Growth. Regulates calcium & phosphorus. Assists bone mineralization, immune, weight management, prevent cancer. Sources: Fortified milk, fatty fish, liver, egg yolks, and butter. Dietary recommendations for pregnancy; preventing pregnancy complications Folate: neural tube defects Iron: 2nd trimester usually supplemented 340 cal Extra 2nd trimester 452 cal Extra 3rd trimester Protein: 71 grams Maternal PKU – ensure low intake of phenylalanine and supplement with tyrosine Calcium – functions of; risks of not getting enough; food sources of Function: Strong bones and teeth, relax and contract muscles Deficient risk: Osteoporosis, brittle bones(fractures) Sources: Dairy (main source), green leafy veggies, small fish with bones, legumes, tofu, fortified foods (orange juice). Dehydration – signs and symptoms of; risks for; treatment for S/S: decreased urine, decreased skin elasticity, dry mucosa, drowsy, lightheaded, confusion, thirst, slow or rapid breathing Risks: Dementia, diarrhea, vomiting, high fever, perspiration, diuretics, polyuria, older adults. Treatment: Fluids, electrolytes, IV or oral if tolerated. Omega-3 fatty acids – functions of; food sources of Function: lower the risk of heart disease by reducing the blood clotting process Sources: Fish (tuna, salmon, halibut, blue fish, sardines, rainbow trout) Vitamin B12 – functions of; food sources of; treatment for deficiency Function: Make new cells, protect nerve fibers, folate metabolism Sources: Meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, milk products Treatment: Vitamin B12 injections usually in vegans / lack of intrinsic factor Vitamin toxicity; Fat soluble vs water soluble vitamins Fat soluble: A,D,E,K easy to become toxic due to fat storage Water soluble: B, C not usually toxic due to being eliminated in urine not stored Nutrition and wound healing Need high calories from protein and carbohydrate to heal and repair Food interactions with MAOIs MAOIs with tyrosine can cause hypertensive crisis Foods: Smoked meat, aged cheese, dried fish, overripe avocados