NU 545-805 Unit 1 Test Bank Questions

CHAPTER 7 1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury 2. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Initiate the complement cascade. b. Promote phagocytosis. c. Secrete mucus. d. Synthesize lysosomes. 3. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Optic tears b. Oral saliva c. Sweat gland perspiration d. Sebaceous gland sebum 4. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy? a. Lactobacillus b. Candida albicans c. Clostridium difficile d. Helicobacter pylori 5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Increased capillary permeability c. Endothelial cell expansion d. Emigration of neutrophils 6. 7. 8. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Platelet aggregation c. Decreased capillary permeability d. Endothelial cell contraction 9. What does activation of the classical pathway begin with? a. Viruses b. Antigen-antibody complexes c. Mast cells d. Macrophages 10. What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site? a. Complement b. Coagulation c. Kinin d. Fibrinolysis 11. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? a. Complement cascade b. Coagulation system c. Kinin system d. Immune system 12. What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells? a. Platelet adhesion b. Initiation of the clotting cascade c. Vasodilation d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness 13. What is an outcome of the complement cascade? a. Activation of the clotting cascade b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes 14. What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade? a. To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages b. To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity c. To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms d. To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation 15. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor? a. XII b. VII c. X d. V 16. Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots, activating complement, and activating the Hageman factor? a. Kallikrein b. Histamine c. Bradykinin d. Plasmin 17. How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process? a. By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area b. By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area c. By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area d. By producing edema around the inflamed area 18. What effect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on inflammation? a. Inhibition b. Activation c. Acceleration d. Termination 19. Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what fashion? a. Synergistically b. Additively c. Antagonistically d. Agonistically 20. Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem? a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. d. Number of mast cells is insufficient. 21. Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion toendothelial cells? a. Chemokines b. Prostaglandin E c. Platelet-activating factor d. Bradykinin 22. What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)? a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain b. Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation c. Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation 23. What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis? a. Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction b. Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction c. Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction d. Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction 24. When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte? a. Monocytes b. Eosinophils c. Neutrophils d. Basophils 25. In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic cell is predominant? a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Chemokines d. Eosinophils 26. In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? a. Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes b. Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation c. Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation d. Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites 27. What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells? a. Initiation of the complement cascade b. Elimination of malignant cells c. Binding tightly to antigens d. Proliferation after immunization with antigen 28. Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells? a. IL-1 b. IL-10 c. TNF d. IFN 29. Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic? a. Formation of exudates b. Fever and leukocytosis c. Redness and heat d. Pain and edema 30. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? a. Endogenous pyrogens b. Bacterial endotoxin c. Antigen-antibody complexes d. Exogenous pyrogens 31. What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage? a. Nonfunctioning scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue. b. Regeneration occurs; the original tissue is replaced. c. Resolution occurs; tissue is regenerated. d. Epithelialization replaces destroyed tissue.