NASM CES Final Exam| Questions and Answers Rated A+
Functionally tightened or overactive muscles accompanying the lower extremity movement
impairment syndrome include
peroneals, gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings, IT band, adductors
A runner who experiences reoccurring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints and patellar
tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural distortion syndromes?
pronation distortion syndrome
Having an excessive forward lean in an overhead squat during LPHC movement compensation
what muscles may be overactive?
soleus
A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive?
hip flexors
Hips that are shifted off the midline are most lik ely indicative of
load-bearing habits to the side
How many postural distortion patterns were identified by Janda?
3
If a client sits all day this in turn can lead to tight______ that can cause postural imbalances?
hip flexors
If the client has a hip hike d uring the single leg squat which muscle is underactive?
adductor complex
If the hip drops during a single leg squat which muscle is underactive?
quadratus lumborum
In the asymmetrical shift which muscles are most likely underactive?
opposite side anterior tibialis
In the inhibit phase for knee impairments which muscles should be SMR?
Gastrocnemius/Soleus
IT-Band tendonitis is often referred to as?
runners knee
Knee injuries can cause decrease in nerual control to muscles that stabilize the?
1 / 4
patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints
Low back pain is a major form of degeneration affecting nearly
80% of all adults
Muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patters are known as?
synergists
what is the most prevalent shoulder injury?
shoulder impin gement
when shoulder pain is reported which is the most prevalent diagnosis
shoulder impingement
Swimmers often exhibit overemphasized_____ relation to scapular retractors?
Pectoralis
Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern?
lower crossed syndrome
the tibiofemoral joint is comprised of the femur and the?
tibia
The transverse arch of the foot consists of the?
cuboid and cuneiforms
There is a strong correlation between ACL injuries and which chronic disease?
Arthritis
What alter ed joint motion is commonly displayed in an individual with upper crossed
syndrome?
increased scapular protraction
What hip muscle has been shown to become weaker after an ankle sprain?
gluteus medius
What is the general effect of beta blockers on heart ra te and blood pressure?
decreases heart rate and decreases blood pressure
what is the process by which a tight muscle diminishes neural drive and inhibits recruitment of
its functional antagonist?
Altered reciprocal inhibition
2 / 4
what is the process whereby a synergist compensates for a prime mover to maintain force
production?
synergistic dominance
what motions occur at the knee during lower extremity supination?
extension, abduction, external rotation
which joint is comprised of the patella and femur?
patellafemoral joint
which levers are the most common in the body and have pull between the fulcrum and
resistance?
third class levers
which muscle is commonly tight in an individual with lower crossed syndrome?
rectus femoris
which muscle is repeatedly placed in a shortened position during sitting
illiopsoas
which is a muscle that is prone to lengthening?
infraspinatus
which is an example of a predominantly transverse plane movement?
radioulnar supination
which of the following is an example of predomina ntly frontal plane movement?
side shuffling
Which of the following muscles would become synergistically dominant when the gluteus
maximus lacks the ability for neural recruitment and force production to properly perform hip
extension during functional move ments?
hamstrings
which plane of motion bisects the body into top and bottom halves, and consists of primarily
rotational movements?
transverse plane
which plane of motion consists of primarily flexion and extension movements?
sagittal plane
which of the f ollowing bones comprise the subtalar joint?
talus -calcaneus
3 / 4
working with arms overhead for long periods of time (such as painting) may lead to shoulder
soreness that could be the result of tightness in the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis and
weakness in th e?
rotator cuff
Muscles involved in the Anterior Oblique subsystem (AOS)
Internal Oblique and adductor complex, external oblique and hip external rotators
Function of anterior oblique subsystem
provides transverse plane stabilization and force transmission necessary for functional
activities involving the trunk and extremities Provides rotation of the pelvis *provides dynamic
stabilization of lumbo -pelvic -hip complex
Muscles involved in the later al subsystem (LS)
Gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae, adducor complex and quadratus lumborum
Function of lateral subsystem (LS)
frontal plan stability and pelvo -femoral stability,
Dysfunction in the Lateral subsystem (LS) is evident by
increased pronation of the knee, hip, or feet during walking, squats, lunges or climbing chairs
Unwanted frontal plane movement is characterized by
decreased strength and neuromuscular control in the lateral subsystem (LS)
The anterior subsystem (AOS) functions in the in whi ch plane
transverse
Force couple
the synergistic action of a muscle to produce movement around a joint
length tension relationships
the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce while resting
The global stabilization subsystem in pr edominantly responsible for
LPHC stabilization and eccentric deceleration
The global stabilization subsystem consists of
superficial musculature that originates from the pelvis to the ribcage, the lower extremities or
both
The major muscles of the global s tabilization subsystem Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Functionally tightened or overactive muscles accompanying the lower extremity movement
impairment syndrome include
peroneals, gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings, IT band, adductors
A runner who experiences reoccurring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints and patellar
tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural distortion syndromes?
pronation distortion syndrome
Having an excessive forward lean in an overhead squat during LPHC movement compensation
what muscles may be overactive?
soleus
A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive?
hip flexors
Hips that are shifted off the midline are most lik ely indicative of
load-bearing habits to the side
How many postural distortion patterns were identified by Janda?
3
If a client sits all day this in turn can lead to tight______ that can cause postural imbalances?
hip flexors
If the client has a hip hike d uring the single leg squat which muscle is underactive?
adductor complex
If the hip drops during a single leg squat which muscle is underactive?
quadratus lumborum
In the asymmetrical shift which muscles are most likely underactive?
opposite side anterior tibialis
In the inhibit phase for knee impairments which muscles should be SMR?
Gastrocnemius/Soleus
IT-Band tendonitis is often referred to as?
runners knee
Knee injuries can cause decrease in nerual control to muscles that stabilize the?
1 / 4
patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints
Low back pain is a major form of degeneration affecting nearly
80% of all adults
Muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patters are known as?
synergists
what is the most prevalent shoulder injury?
shoulder impin gement
when shoulder pain is reported which is the most prevalent diagnosis
shoulder impingement
Swimmers often exhibit overemphasized_____ relation to scapular retractors?
Pectoralis
Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern?
lower crossed syndrome
the tibiofemoral joint is comprised of the femur and the?
tibia
The transverse arch of the foot consists of the?
cuboid and cuneiforms
There is a strong correlation between ACL injuries and which chronic disease?
Arthritis
What alter ed joint motion is commonly displayed in an individual with upper crossed
syndrome?
increased scapular protraction
What hip muscle has been shown to become weaker after an ankle sprain?
gluteus medius
What is the general effect of beta blockers on heart ra te and blood pressure?
decreases heart rate and decreases blood pressure
what is the process by which a tight muscle diminishes neural drive and inhibits recruitment of
its functional antagonist?
Altered reciprocal inhibition
2 / 4
what is the process whereby a synergist compensates for a prime mover to maintain force
production?
synergistic dominance
what motions occur at the knee during lower extremity supination?
extension, abduction, external rotation
which joint is comprised of the patella and femur?
patellafemoral joint
which levers are the most common in the body and have pull between the fulcrum and
resistance?
third class levers
which muscle is commonly tight in an individual with lower crossed syndrome?
rectus femoris
which muscle is repeatedly placed in a shortened position during sitting
illiopsoas
which is a muscle that is prone to lengthening?
infraspinatus
which is an example of a predominantly transverse plane movement?
radioulnar supination
which of the following is an example of predomina ntly frontal plane movement?
side shuffling
Which of the following muscles would become synergistically dominant when the gluteus
maximus lacks the ability for neural recruitment and force production to properly perform hip
extension during functional move ments?
hamstrings
which plane of motion bisects the body into top and bottom halves, and consists of primarily
rotational movements?
transverse plane
which plane of motion consists of primarily flexion and extension movements?
sagittal plane
which of the f ollowing bones comprise the subtalar joint?
talus -calcaneus
3 / 4
working with arms overhead for long periods of time (such as painting) may lead to shoulder
soreness that could be the result of tightness in the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis and
weakness in th e?
rotator cuff
Muscles involved in the Anterior Oblique subsystem (AOS)
Internal Oblique and adductor complex, external oblique and hip external rotators
Function of anterior oblique subsystem
provides transverse plane stabilization and force transmission necessary for functional
activities involving the trunk and extremities Provides rotation of the pelvis *provides dynamic
stabilization of lumbo -pelvic -hip complex
Muscles involved in the later al subsystem (LS)
Gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae, adducor complex and quadratus lumborum
Function of lateral subsystem (LS)
frontal plan stability and pelvo -femoral stability,
Dysfunction in the Lateral subsystem (LS) is evident by
increased pronation of the knee, hip, or feet during walking, squats, lunges or climbing chairs
Unwanted frontal plane movement is characterized by
decreased strength and neuromuscular control in the lateral subsystem (LS)
The anterior subsystem (AOS) functions in the in whi ch plane
transverse
Force couple
the synergistic action of a muscle to produce movement around a joint
length tension relationships
the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce while resting
The global stabilization subsystem in pr edominantly responsible for
LPHC stabilization and eccentric deceleration
The global stabilization subsystem consists of
superficial musculature that originates from the pelvis to the ribcage, the lower extremities or
both
The major muscles of the global s tabilization subsystem Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
4 / 4
