BIO 121- GENETICS | 67 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

genome - all the DNA of the cell - All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes. gene - the genetic information required to produce a single protein - A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait chromatin - uncondensed chromosomal DNA homologous chromosomes - one maternal, one paternal; two chromosomes that carry the game genetic information, but possibly code for different phenotypes - Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure locus - location on genome where a particular gene resides anatomy of a chromosome - - two sister chromatids joined by a centromere - both ends: telomeres phenotype - observed physical characteristic genotype - an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations (e.g. Aa) mutations - changes in DNA, can be inherited, driving factor of evolution Think: What is the ultimate source of genetic variability? binary fission - -method of reproduction for prokaryotic cells 1. DNA is copied2. Copies migrate to the poles 3. Cell membrane pinches off to form two cells 4. Each daughter cell had identical DNA as the parent cell - A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. cell cycle - series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide Gap1, S-phase, Gap2, Mitosis cell cycle checkpoints - - certain points in the cell cycle in which a cell stops going through the cycle to fix mistake or repair any damaged DNA - make sure one step in the cell cycle is complete before the next prophase - chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms metaphase - centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at plate. Fully formed spindle attach to the sister chromatids from opposite poles anaphase - centromeres divide (sister chromatids separate