Test Bank For Prescott's Microbiology 11th Edition Willey | Complete Chapter 1-43 |

Which of the following produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration? A) Glycolysis B) TCA cycle C) Fermentation D) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis E) Substrate level phosphorylation Answer: D Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.03c Identify the process that generates the most ATP during aerobic respiration 78) During glycolysis, ATP is produced when 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate transfers a phosphate to ADP forming ATP. This is an example of ________. A) photophosphorylation B) oxidative phosphorylation C) substrate-level phosphorylation D) glycolytic phosphorylation Answer: C Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.04b Describe substrate-level phosphorylation 322 79) In order for a substance to transfer a phosphate to ADP in a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction, which of the following must be true? A) The phosphate donor must have a lower phosphate transfer potential than ATP. B) The phosphate donor must have a higher oxidation-reduction potential than ATP. C) The phosphate donor must have a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP. D) The phosphate donor must have a lower oxidation-reduction potential than ATP. Answer: C Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.04b Describe substrate-level phosphorylation 80) Whereas the Embden-Meyerhof pathway produces two molecules of pyruvate (net) for each glucose, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway produces one molecule each of ________ and ________. Answer: pyruvate; glyceraldehyde glyceraldehyde; pyruvate pyruvate, glyceraldehyde pyruvate glyceraldehyde glyceraldehyde, pyruvate glyceraldehyde pyruvate Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.04c Diagram the major changes made to glucose as it is catabolized by the Embden-Meyerhof, Enter-Doudoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways; 11.04g Draw a simple diagram that shows the connection between the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the connection between the pentose phosphate pathway and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway 323 81) Which of the following is the major glycolytic pathway used by plants and animals? A) Tricarboxylic acid cycle B) Embden-Meyerhof pathway C) Entner-Doudoroff pathway D) Pentose phosphate pathway Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.04h Create a table that shows which types of organisms use each of the glycolytic pathways 82) The pentose phosphate pathway is the major glycolytic pathway used by archaea. Answer: FALSE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.04h Create a table that shows which types of organisms use each of the glycolytic pathways 83) Which of the following names refer to the tricarboxlic acid cycle? A) Krebs cycle B) Pentose phosphate pathway C) Calvin cycle D) Citric acid cycle E) Cyclic phosphorylation Answer: A, D Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05a State the alternate names for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle 324 84) The terms Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and citric acid cycle all refer to the same process. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05a State the alternate names for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle 85) Which of the following is produced in largest numbers by the TCA cycle? A) ATP (GTP) B) NADH C) FADH D) CO2 Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05d Calculate the yields of GTP, NAD(P)H, and FADH2 by the TCA cycle 86) The TCA cycle is located in the ________ of bacteria, and in the ________ of eukaryotes. A) cytoplasm; mitochondrial matrix B) plasma membrane; inner mitochondrial membrane C) plasma membrane; mitochondrial matrix D) cytoplasm; inner mitochondrial membrane Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05g Locate the TCA cycle enzymes in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic cells 325 87) The major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. Answer: TRUE Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.07a Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration using glucose as carbon source; 11.07d Explain why less energy is conserved during anaerobic respiration, as compared to aerobic respiration 88) When nitrate is used as a final electron acceptor by bacteria growing in anoxic soils, the nitrogen is no longer available for the construction of precursor metabolites. This is referred to as ________. A) nitrification B) nitrogen fixation C) nitrogen respiration D) dissimilatory nitrate reduction Answer: D Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.07c Explain why the use of nitrate (NO3-) as a terminal electron acceptor is dissimilatory nitrate reduction 89) The amount of ATP produced during anaerobic respiration is ________ that produced during aerobic respiration, because the difference in the standard reduction potential between NADH and the final electron acceptor is ________. A) less than; larger B) less than; smaller C) greater than; larger D) greater than; smaller Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.07d Explain why less energy is conserved during anaerobic respiration, as compared to aerobic respiration 326 90) Which of the following are consequences of anaerobic respiration? (Check all that apply.) A) Some bacteria are able to readily survive in both well-oxygenated as well as anoxic environments. B) Some bacteria may cause denitrification. C) Some bacteria are able to perform nitrogen fixation. D) Bacteria are able to reduce the levels of NO3 − in sewage plant effluents. Answer: A, B, D Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.07e Discuss three examples of the importance of anaerobic respiration 91) How is ATP produced during fermentation? A) Cyclic phosphorylation B) Substrate-level phosphorylation C) Oxidative phosphorylation D) Use of proton motive force to drive ATP synthase E) Chemosynthetic phosphorylation Answer: B Topic: Fermentation Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.08d Compare the use of ATP synthase during respiration and fermentation 92) How does a fermenter generate proton motive force (PMF) to drive active transport? A) Fermenters use an electron transport chain for this purpose. B) Fermenters cannot generate proton motive force. C) Fermenters can reverse the direction of the ATP synthase to generate PMF. Answer: C Topic: Fermentation Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.08d Compare the use of ATP synthase during respiration and fermentation 93) How does the phosphorylation of galactose differ from the phosphorylation of glucose, 327 mannose, and fructose prior to catabolism? A) Phosphorylation of galactose requires NADPH to phosphorylate galactose-1-phosphate B) Phosphorylation of galactose requires PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) to phosphorylate galactose-1-phosphate C) Phosphorylation of galactose requires ATP to phosphorylate galactose-1-phosphate D) Phosphorylation of galactose requires TTP to phosphorylate galactose-1-phosphate E) Phosphorylation of galactose requires UTP to phosphorylate galactose-1-phosphate Answer: E Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.09a Discuss the role of ATP and UTP in the catabolism of monosaccharides other than glucose 94) Complete catabolism of lactose requires ________. A) ATP, NAD, and appropriate enzymes B) ATP, UTP, NAD, and appropriate enzymes C) NAD and appropriate enzymes Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.09a Discuss the role of ATP and UTP in the catabolism of monosaccharides other than glucose 95) What enzymes hydrolyze proteins, releasing amino acids? A) Tranaminases B) Proteases C) Decarboxylases D) Deaminases Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.09d State the name of the enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing proteins into amino acids 96) A ________ hydrolyzes a protein into its constituent amino acid monomers and a ________ 328 enzyme removes amino groups from the amino acids. Answer: protease; deaminase protease, deaminase protease deaminase Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.09d State the name of the enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing proteins into amino acids 97) ________ refers to the removal of an amino group from an amino acid. One mechanism for this removal is ________, in which the amino group is transferred to an acceptor molecule. A) Deamination; hydrolysis B) Deamination; transamination C) Transamination; deamination D) Hydrolysis; transamination Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.09e Distinguish deamination from transamination and explain how the two are related 98) The substances that donate electrons to the electron transport chains of chemolithotrophs are ________. A) carbohydrates B) inorganic compounds C) lipids D) methane gas and alcohols Answer: B Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.10c Discuss the use of electron transport chains and oxidative phosphorylation by chemolithotrophs 99) Most chemolithotrophs have electron transport chains that terminate with O2 as the final 329 electron acceptor. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.10c Discuss the use of electron transport chains and oxidative phosphorylation by chemolithotrophs 100) Many chemolithotrophs are able to produce more ATP from oxidation of their inorganic energy source than chemoheterotrophs produce from the aerobic oxidation of glucose. Answer: FALSE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.10d Predict the relative amount of energy released for each of the commonly used energy sources of chemolithotrophs, as compared to energy released during aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose 101) Chemolithotrophs generally derive ________ ATP from oxidation of inorganic substrates because the reduction potentials of those substrates are much more ________ than the reduction potential of organic substrates. A) more; positive B) more; negative C) less; positive D) less; negative Answer: C Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.10d Predict the relative amount of energy released for each of the commonly used energy sources of chemolithotrophs, as compared to energy released during aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose 330 102) ________ is an aerobic chemolithotrophic process that ultimately oxidizes ammonia to nitrate, whereas ________ is a form of anaerobic respiration involving the oxidation of an organic compound using an oxidized nitrogenous compound, such as nitrate, as the terminal electron acceptor. A) Ammonification; nitrification B) Denitrification; nitrification C) Ammonification; denitrification D) Nitrification; denitrification Answer: D Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.10e Differentiate nitrification from denitrification 103) All forms of phototropy "harvest" light energy to fix carbon, producing sugar. Answer: FALSE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.12a Describe in general terms the fueling reactions of phototrophs; 11.12b Differentiate phototrophy from photosynthesis 104) Photoheterotrophs that use light to generate ATP, but do not fix CO2 ________. (Check all that apply.) A) would best be described as photosynthetic B) would use both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle C) would use neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle D) would best be described as phototropic E) would use the light reactions but not the Calvin cycle Answer: D, E Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.12b Differentiate phototrophy from photosynthesis 331 105) Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b as well as the accessory pigments are arranged in an antenna array with a reaction center chlorophyll. These antenna arrays with the reaction center chlorophyll are known as ________. A) reaction center systems B) photomembrane systems C) photosystems D) Calvin systems Answer: C Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.12c Describe the light and dark reactions that occur during photosynthesis 106) Which of the following described roles attributed to accessory pigments such as carotenes and phycobiliproteins? (Check all that apply.) A) These pigments absorb light in ranges not absorbed by chlorophylls and transfer the energy to chlorophylls. B) These pigments extend the spectrum of wavelengths that will drive photosynthesis. C) The accessory pigments are involved in maintaining the Calvin cycle. D) Accessory pigments protect organisms from potentially damaging intense sunlight. Answer: A, B, D Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.12d Summarize the structure and function of the light-absorbing pigments used by oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs 332 107) In what ways are oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation similar? A) The source of energy is highly reduced organic compounds B) An electron transport chain is used C) Proton motive force is generated D) Water is split to provide electrons E) ATP synthase enzyme phosphorylates ADP to make ATP Answer: B, C, E Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.12e Explain why oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by chlorophyll-based phototrophs differ primarily in the energy source driving the process 108) Consider the metabolism of a chlorophyll–based phototroph. In oxidative phosphorylation during cell respiration, the source of energy is ________ whereas in photophosphorylation the source of energy is ________. A) highly reduced organic compounds; light B) NADH; NADPH C) electron transport chain; chlorophyll D) ATP; light Answer: A Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Learning Outcome: 11.12e Explain why oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by chlorophyll-based phototrophs differ primarily in the energy source driving the process 333 109) The Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways all bring about the reduction of coenzymes (either NAD+ or NADP+). The reduced coenzymes ________. A) provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions B) are converted into ATP for energy C) serve as precursor molecules for anabolic reactions D) can no longer be oxidized Answer: A Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.04d Identify those reactions of the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways that consume ATP, produce ATP and NAD(P)H, generate precursor metabolites, or are redox reactions 110) The TCA cycle ________. A) provides reducing power in the form of NADH and FADH2 , and precursor molecules for anabolic reactions B) yields 34 molecules of ATP C) produces pyruvate as a source of electrons to drive the electron transport chain D) is a divergent pathway that produces ATP and CO2 Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05e Summarize the function of the TCA cycle 334 111) The TCA cycle begins when ________. A) pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which is added to oxaloacetate B) NADH is oxidized to NAD+, which provides a source of electrons to drive the cycle C) ATP from the glycolytic pathway is hydrolyzed, providing the energy to start the cycle D) pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is added to oxaloacetate Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05f Diagram the connections between the various glycolytic pathways and the TCA cycle 112) Oxidative decarboxylation takes place when pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is oxidized, producing acetyl-CoA along with one CO2 and one NADH. Answer: TRUE Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.05f Diagram the connections between the various glycolytic pathways and the TCA cycle 335 113) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of electron transport chain length on energy production? A) As electrons are passed from carrier to carrier, each oxidation releases enough energy to actively transport protons across a membrane, thus, the more carriers, the greater the proton motive force produced. B) The length of the electron transport chain does not play a role in the magnitude of the proton motive force produced. C) The longer the electron transport chain, the less energy is stored in the proton motive force, since energy must be expended when passing electrons down the chain. D) Bacterial and archaeal electron transport chains are the same as eukaryotic chains, so the same amount of energy is produced from the resulting proton motive force, regardless of the organism. Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.06c Correlate length of an ETC and the carriers in it with the magnitude of the proton motive force (PMF) it generates 336 114) The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O with the subsequent production of energy is best reflected in which of the following statements? A) Glucose is oxidized in a stepwise fashion beginning with a glycolytic pathway and continuing with the TCA cycle where the remainder of the energy from the glucose is harnessed in reduced coenzymes, which transport electrons to an electron transport chain where ATP is made by oxidative phosphorylation. B) Glucose is reduced in a stepwise fashion beginning with the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and continuing with the TCA cycle where 38 molecules of ATP are made by oxidative phosphorylation. C) Glucose is oxidized in a stepwise fashion beginning with the Enbden-Meyerhof pathway and continuing with the TCA cycle where the remainder of the energy from the glucose is harnessed in oxidized coenzymes, which transport electrons to an electron transport chain where ATP is made by substrate-level phosphorylation. D) Glucose is reduced in a stepwise fashion beginning with the TCA cycle and continuing with a glycolytic pathway where the remainder of the energy from the glucose is harnessed in oxidized coenzymes, which transport electrons to an electron transport chain where ATP is made by oxidative phosphorylation. Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.06e Draw a simple diagram that shows the connections between the glycolytic pathways, TCA cycle, ETC, and ATP synthesis 115) The catabolism of glucose through a glycolytic pathway, followed by the TCA cycle and culminating in ATP production via the formation of a proton motive force in the electron transport chain, represents the overall reduction of glucose. Answer: FALSE Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.06e Draw a simple diagram that shows the connections between the glycolytic pathways, TCA cycle, ETC, and ATP synthesis 337 116) The energy source for substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) differs from that of oxidative phosphorylation (OP) in that ________. A) OP is driven using energy provided by a proton motive force, whereas the energy to add a phosphate group to ADP during SLP comes from the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule with a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP B) SLP is driven using energy provided by a proton motive force, whereas the energy to add a phosphate group to ADP during OP comes from the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule with a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP C) OP is driven using energy provided by a proton motive force, whereas the energy to add a phosphate group to ADP during SLP comes from the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule with a lower phosphate transfer potential than ATP D) SLP is driven using energy provided by a proton motive force, whereas the energy to remove a phosphate group from ATP during OP comes from the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule with a lower phosphate transfer potential than ATP Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 5. Evaluate / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.08a Compare and contrast the importance of oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation in aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation 117) Chemolithotrophs obtain their energy from ________. A) inorganic molecules that are oxidized, providing electrons to create a proton motive force that drives oxidative phosphorylation B) inorganic molecules that directly transfer a phosphate group to ATP during substrate-level phosphorylation C) organic molecules that are oxidized via a glycolytic pathway and the TCA cycle D) inorganic molecules that are reduced, providing electrons to create a proton motive force that drives oxidative phosphorylation Answer: A Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Bloom's/Accessibility: 5. Evaluate / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.10a Describe in general terms the fueling reactions of chemolithotrophs 338 118) Which statement best describes the concept of electron bifurcation? A) A flavoenzyme oxidizes an electron donor and directs two electrons to two different recipients, one being an exothermic reduction that pulls the simultaneous endothermic reduction to completion. B) A flavoenzyme oxidizes an electron donor and directs two electrons down a series of carriers creating a proton motive force. C) A flavoenzyme oxidizes an electron donor and directs two electrons to a single, more electronegative recipient that releases energy for the production of ATP. D) A flavoenzyme reduces an electron donor and directs two electrons to two different recipients, one being an exothermic oxidation that pulls the simultaneous endothermic oxidation to completion. Answer: A Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 5. Evaluate / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.11a Explain why electron bifurcation is a fundamental mechanism of energy conservation that differs from ATP hydrolysis or proton motive force. 119) Flavoenzymes oxidize an electron donor then direct the two electrons to two different recipients having different reduction potentials. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.11a Explain why electron bifurcation is a fundamental mechanism of energy conservation that differs from ATP hydrolysis or proton motive force. 339 120) Endergonic reactions in cells do not happen spontaneously, that is, they require an input of energy. Coupling such reactions with exothermic ones, such as the hydrolysis of ATP drives the reaction forward. Certain organisms are able to bypass the need for ATP or a proton motive force by ________. A) tightly coupling an endergonic and an exergonic reduction so the exergonic reduction can drive the completion of the endergonic one in a process known as electron bifurcation B) tightly coupling an endergonic and an exergonic oxidation so the endergonic oxidation can drive the completion of the exergonic one in a process known as electron bifurcation C) using glucose as a direct source of energy in a process similar to spontaneous combustion D) circumventing the need for endergonic reactions Answer: A Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.11b Discuss the concept of linking an endergonic reaction with an exergonic one to accomplish an otherwise thermodynamically unfavorable redox reaction. 121) Electron bifurcation is a useful way for organisms to circumvent the need for ATP hydrolysis and/or a proton motive force because it tightly couples reactions that are thermodynamically unfavorable with those that occur spontaneously, providing an excess of energy to drive the former. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biochemistry Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. Learning Outcome: 11.11b Discuss the concept of linking an endergonic reaction with an exergonic one to accomplish an otherwise thermodynamically unfavorable redox reaction. Prescott's Microbiology, 11e (Willey) Chapter 12 Anabolism: The Use of Energy in Biosynthesis 1) Large structures (e.g., ribosomes) form spontaneously from their macromolecular components by a process k