ANCC FNP Exam Prep Questions With 100% Correct Answers - Latest Update 2023/2024 (GRADED)

Jan's mother has Alzheimer disease (AD). Jan tells you that her mother's recent memory is poor and that she is easily disoriented, incorrectly identifies people, and is lethargic. Jan asks you, "Is this as bad as it gets?" You tell her that her mother is in which stage of the disease? 1. Stage 1. 2. Stage 2. 3. Stage 3. 4. Stage 4.: Stage 3 (In stage 3, personality change is marked and depression may occur. Directions must be specific and repeated for safety, recent memory is poor, disorientation occurs easily, people are incorrectly identified, and the person may be lethargic) 29. Which of the following is not recommended for hoarseness? 1. Vocal rest. 2. Tobacco cessation. 3. Decrease in caffeine use. 4. Oral steroids.: Oral steroids (caffeine is dehydrating and should not be used in excess w/hoarseness; PO steroids are not routinely used to Tx hoarseness) 30. Cataracts are a common occurrence in patients over 60 years of age. You counsel your patient that the best cure for cataracts is: 1. Medications. 2. Dietary supplements. 3. Corrective lens surgery. 4. Optical devices.: Corrective lens surgery (The definitive management for a cataract is a surgical approach, one that removes the defective lens and replaces it with an artificial one) 31. In a young child, unilateral purulent rhinitis is most often caused by: 1. A foreign body. 2. A viral infection. 3. A bacterial infection. 4. An allergic reaction: A foreign body (keyword here is unilateral!) 7 / 17 32. Which of the following is a benign neoplasm? 1. Leiomyoma. 2. Osteosarcoma. 3. Glioma. 4. Seminoma.: Leiomyoma (A leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of the smooth muscle) 33. Barbara, age 27, had her spleen removed after an automobile accident. You are seeing her in the office for the first time since her discharge from the hospital. She asks you how her surgery will affect her in the future. How do you respond? 1."Your red blood cell production will be slowed." 2."Your lymphatic system may have difficulty transporting lymph fluid to the blood vessels." 3."You'll have difficulty storing the nutritional agents needed to make red blood cells." 4."You may have difficulty salvaging iron from old red blood cells for reuse."- : "You may have difficulty salvaging iron from old red blood cells for reuse." (The spleen is not essential for life. When it is removed, the liver and bone marrow assume its functions. Although the bone marrow will produce and store hematopoietic stem cells, from which all cellular components of the blood are derived, it will not remove iron from old red blood cells for reuse) 34. You are working in an emergency department as an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). An adolescent boy is brought in, unconscious, with a head injury after being struck by a car. He has no identification, and there is no parent or adult with him. What should you do? 1. Provide the appropriate medical treatment even if it involves surgery. 2. Do everything except order a blood transfusion, even if it is indicated, because you do not know the client's religious preferences. 3. Call the hospital attorney before instituting any care. 4. Contact all local police stations in an attempt to identify the client and find his parents before instituting treatment.: Provide the appropriate medical treatment even if it involves surgery. (The emergency treatment exception allows you to treat minors in emergency or life-threatening situations when a parent or guardian cannot be reached to give consent for treatment. This includes transfusions when necessary. The legal definition of an emergency medical condition is any condition that threatens the loss, impairment, or serious dysfunction of life or limb or causes severe pain) 8 / 17 35. Which of the following statements about Medicaid is true? 1. Medicaid is a federal plan created to provide care for indigent persons. 2. Medicaid pays for family planning services, dental care, and eyeglasses. 3. Eligibility requirements for Medicaid are mandated by the Health Care Financing Administration. 4. Medicaid is a program for the indigent financed jointly by the federal and state governments: Medicaid is a program for the indigent financed jointly by the federal and state governments (Financed jointly by the federal and state governments, Medicaid is a program created to pay for health care services for the indigent. Minimally, Medicaid must provide inpatient, skilled nursing facility, and home care; physician services; outpatient care; family planning services; and periodic screening, detection, and treatment of children under age 12) 36. Decreased facial strength indicates a lesion of which cranial nerve? 1. Cranial nerve III 2. Cranial nerve V 3. Cranial nerve VII 4. Cranial nerve VIII: CN VII [Decreased facial strength indicates a lesion of cranial nerve (CN) VII] 37. Doug, age 6, appears with abdominal distention and pain, an abdominal mass on the right side, fever, and slight hematuria. There is no precipitating event. What do you suspect? 1. A urinary tract infection (UTI). 2. Appendicitis. 3. Wilms tumor. 4. An intestinal obstruction.: Wilms tumor (A child with Wilms tumor commonly has abdominal distention or an abdominal mass. There may also be fever, abdominal pain, or hematuria. This kidney tumor requires surgical removal followed by chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is not necessary) 38. The increased presence in a urinalysis of which of the following indicates the presence of bacteria or protein, which is seen in severe renal disease and could also indicate urinary calculi? 1. Crystals. 2. Casts. 3. Nitrites. 4. Ketones.: Casts (The presence in a urinalysis of increased amounts of casts indicates the presence of bacteria or protein, which is seen in severe renal disease and could also indicate urinary calculi) 9 / 17 39. Jill, age 49, has daily symptoms of asthma. She uses her inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist daily. Her exacerbations affect her activities, and they occur at least twice weekly and may last for days. She is affected more than once weekly during the night with an exacerbation. Which category of asthma severity is Jill in? 1. Intermittent. 2. Mild persistent. 3. Moderate persistent. 4. Severe persistent.: Moderate persistent (Jill is in the step 3 (moderate persistent) category of asthma severity. This is because she has daily symptoms, with exacerbations affecting her activity, and nocturnal symptoms that occur more than once per week) 40. You have a patient you are considering starting on bupropion (Wellbutrin) for tobacco cessation and depression. What in the patient's past medical history would prevent you from prescribing this? 1. History of epilepsy. 2. Failure of other antidepressants to treat depression. 3. Obesity. 4. Coronary artery disease.: History of epilepsy (Bupropion lowers a patient's seizure threshold and is contraindicated in patients with a seizure history) 41. Jill, age 29, has numerous transient lesions that come and go, and she is diagnosed with urticaria. What do you order? 1. Aspirin. 2. Ibuprofen. 3. Opioids. 4. Antihistamines.: antihistamines (Transient urticaria requires antihistamines on a regular basis) 42. You are examining a patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) after a motor vehicle accident. The patient is intubated but opens his eyes in response to verbal commands. What score would you give him on the eye-opening portion of the Glasgow Coma Scale? 1. 4 2. 3 3. 2 4. 1: 3 10 / 17 43. Martina, age 34, has AIDS and currently suffers from diarrhea. You suspect she has which protozoal infection of the bowel? 1. Giardiasis. 2. Amebiasis. 3. Cryptosporidiosis. 4. Escherichia coli.: Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidiosis, a protozoal infection of the bowel, is common in immunocompromised clients. It causes villous atrophy and mild inflammatory changes and may secrete an enterotoxin) 44. Which lifestyle change decreases the risk of mortality greatest in regard to coronary heart disease? 1. Quitting smoking. 2. Weight loss. 3. Fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol less than 100. 4. Moderate exercise—greater than 30 minutes a day 3 times a week.: Quitting smoking (Smoking decreases one's risk the greatest—12% in comparison to physical activity, which reduces the risk 5%) 45. A 55-year-old African American man with newly diagnosed hypertension presents to your primary care clinic for medication management. Today his blood pressure reads 145/95. He denies headache, blurred vision, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Which medication would you start him on? 1. Catapres. 2. Hydralazine. 3. Amlodipine. 4. Metoprolol.: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blockers along with thiazide diuretics are first-line treatment for African Americans with hypertension) 46. Greg, age 68, has just been given a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF). Which of his medications should be discontinued? 1. Nifedipine (Procardia XL) for long-term management of his chronic stable angina. 2. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) for his hypertension. 3. Enalapril (Vasotec) for his hypertension. 4. Butalbital for his headaches.: Nifedipine (Procardia XL) for long-term management of his chronic stable angina (Nifedipine (Procardia XL), a calcium channel blocker, should be discontinued, along with most antiarrhythmic agents, when a 11 / 17 client develops CHF because both of these classes of medications are important causes of worsening heart failure) 47. Which of the following statements is true of mitral regurgitation? 1. It may be noted as a holosystolic murmur. 2. It is caused by stiff leaflets that limit flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. 3. It occurs only as a result of congenital malformation of the mitral valve, which inhibits contact and closure of the cusps. 4. It results in a prolonged PR interval on electrocardiogram.: It may be noted as a holosystolic murmur (Because ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure at the beginning of systole, regurgitant backflow begins with the first heart sound (S1). The ensuing regurgitant murmur persists up to the second heart sound (S2), provided that the ventricular pressure at the end of systole still exceeds the atrial pressure. The direction of the regurgitant flow may be noted on auscultation. Mitral regurgitation is caused by shrunken, deformed cusps or shortened, fused chordae tendineae, which prevent closure of the leaflets) 48. When performing a sports physical exam on Kevin, a healthy 16-year-old boy, which question in the history is important to ask Kevin or his guardian? 1. Did anyone in your family ever have sudden cardiac death? 2. Does anyone in your family have elevated cholesterol levels? 3. Did you ever have any injury requiring stitches? 4. Does anyone in your family have a history of asthma?: Did anyone in your family ever have sudden cardiac death (The risk of sudden death during sports activities from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be greatly reduced with a thorough cardiac history and examination. If a child has a relative who died of sudden cardiac disease before age 55, that child could possibly have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) 49. For which patient would you administer the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination? 1. Susie, age 7. 2. Janice, age 17, who had a baby 6 months ago and is breastfeeding. 3. Alice, age 18, who is allergic to yeast. 4. Jill, age 25, who is pregnant.: Janice, age 17, who had a baby 6 months ago and is breastfeeding (Women who are lactating or immunocompromised are eligible to receive the vaccine. It is also recommended for females aged 9 to 25 12 / 17 years, regardless of whether they have had sex yet and even if the women already have a history of genital warts, a positive HPV test, or an abnormal Pap test) 50. Max, age 35, states that he thinks he has an ear infection because he just flew back from a business trip and feels unusual pressure in his ear. You diagnose barotrauma. What is your next action? 1. Prescribe nasal steroids and oral decongestants. 2. Prescribe antibiotic ear drops. 3. Prescribe systemic antibiotics. 4. Refer Max to an ear, nose, and throat specialist: Prescribe nasal steroids and oral decongestants (Barotrauma of the auditory canal, causing a sensation of abnormal middle ear pressure, may be relieved by the use of nasal steroids and oral decongestants. There is no infection, just swelling of the airways, which causes the sensation of abnormal pressure) 51. Which of the following white blood cell types are elevated in parasitic infections, hypersensi