Cognitive approach 16 marker.
The cognitive approach focuses on the influence of internal mental processes on behaviour.
This approach was created as an alternative to behaviorism in the 1960s. It believes that
behaviour should be study experimentally using the scientific method. Cognitive
psychologists recognize that these internal processes cannot be measured directly. Instead,
they are measured using inference. This is when conclusions about how internal mental
processes operate are made using the observed behaviour.
The development of cognitive neuroscience also supports the cognitive approach. Non-
invasive imaging techniques such as PET scans or MRI scans have allowed cognitive
neuroscientists to obtain detailed information about the brain structures involved in key
functional processing. In fact, the role of some structures in specific behavioural tasks have
been identified by measuring brain activity levels.
The cognitive approach assumes that humans are a data processing machine like a
computer. It inputs, stores, encodes, and outputs data like a computer. This is why
computational models are often used to show how internal mental processes work. They
show how information is encoded into a useful format. The central processing unit is the
brain. Sometimes, theoretical models are also used. These are diagrammatic models which
follow a logical sequence. They are often pictural representations of internal mental
processes. Common examples of these models are the multi-store model, and the working
memory model.
Schemas may also affect cognitive processing. They are created from past experience. They
provide a mental framework of expectations and beliefs which is used to interpret the
world. Schemas provide a mental shortcut that prevent information from overwhelming us.
In the absence of information, schemas fill in the gaps. When information goes against our
established beliefs, schemas may cause it to be ignored.
The cognitive approach has had great technological and societal impacts. Computational
models have been used in the artificial intelligence industry. Mimicking human processes in
machines has led to widespread success. In fact, machines are now able to comprehend
human language. This has been very important in the development of thinking machines
known as ‘robots.’ The cognitive approach also highlighted the importance of schemas in
our behaviour. This was used by Beck to create an explanation for depression, and again to
create a successful treatment for depression. This is known as REBT and focuses on
identifying and challenging negative self-schemas. This has been incredibly successful and
has improved millions of people’s quality of life.
The cognitive approach has been challenged for being overly reductionist. Whilst it
recognizes the role of internal mental processes in behaviour, it does not consider how
these internal mental processes may be affected by the environmental factors or emotion.
Research has shown that heightened levels of anxiety can affect memory and attention
span. Therefore, many critics claim that you cannot fully understand behaviour without
considering the bigger picture. As such, the cognitive approach does not provide a fully
comprehensive explanation.
The cognitive approach focuses on the influence of internal mental processes on behaviour.
This approach was created as an alternative to behaviorism in the 1960s. It believes that
behaviour should be study experimentally using the scientific method. Cognitive
psychologists recognize that these internal processes cannot be measured directly. Instead,
they are measured using inference. This is when conclusions about how internal mental
processes operate are made using the observed behaviour.
The development of cognitive neuroscience also supports the cognitive approach. Non-
invasive imaging techniques such as PET scans or MRI scans have allowed cognitive
neuroscientists to obtain detailed information about the brain structures involved in key
functional processing. In fact, the role of some structures in specific behavioural tasks have
been identified by measuring brain activity levels.
The cognitive approach assumes that humans are a data processing machine like a
computer. It inputs, stores, encodes, and outputs data like a computer. This is why
computational models are often used to show how internal mental processes work. They
show how information is encoded into a useful format. The central processing unit is the
brain. Sometimes, theoretical models are also used. These are diagrammatic models which
follow a logical sequence. They are often pictural representations of internal mental
processes. Common examples of these models are the multi-store model, and the working
memory model.
Schemas may also affect cognitive processing. They are created from past experience. They
provide a mental framework of expectations and beliefs which is used to interpret the
world. Schemas provide a mental shortcut that prevent information from overwhelming us.
In the absence of information, schemas fill in the gaps. When information goes against our
established beliefs, schemas may cause it to be ignored.
The cognitive approach has had great technological and societal impacts. Computational
models have been used in the artificial intelligence industry. Mimicking human processes in
machines has led to widespread success. In fact, machines are now able to comprehend
human language. This has been very important in the development of thinking machines
known as ‘robots.’ The cognitive approach also highlighted the importance of schemas in
our behaviour. This was used by Beck to create an explanation for depression, and again to
create a successful treatment for depression. This is known as REBT and focuses on
identifying and challenging negative self-schemas. This has been incredibly successful and
has improved millions of people’s quality of life.
The cognitive approach has been challenged for being overly reductionist. Whilst it
recognizes the role of internal mental processes in behaviour, it does not consider how
these internal mental processes may be affected by the environmental factors or emotion.
Research has shown that heightened levels of anxiety can affect memory and attention
span. Therefore, many critics claim that you cannot fully understand behaviour without
considering the bigger picture. As such, the cognitive approach does not provide a fully
comprehensive explanation.
