NAPLEX antibiotics | 212 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

MIC - lowest drug concentration that prevents visibile microbial growth in 24 hours gram (+) bacteria species - staph, strep, EC, clostridium, listeria which antibiotics exhibit time-dependent killing? - penicillins, cephalosporins how can you increase the killing of a time-dependent antibiotic? - dose more frequently, extend the infusion time example of concentration-dependent antibiotic? - aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) what are the bacteriostatic antibiotics (protein synthesis inhibitors)? - macrolides aminoglycosides tetracyclines clindamycin linezolid quinupristin, dalfopristin what is the MOA of penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and vancomycin? - cell wall inhibitors - bactericidal what general ADRs are the black box warning for aminoglycosides? - nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity what are the aminoglycosides? - tobramycin gentamicinamikacin what type of nephrotoxicity do aminoglycosides cause? - ATN - acute tubular necrosis what weight do you use to dose aminoglycosides? - IBW (unless TBW is less) *use ABW if obese ( 30% IBW) what organisms are aminoglycosides mainly active against? - gram (-): GNR, PA extended interval dosing of the aminoglycosides? - gent/tobra: 4-7 mg/kg amikacin: 15-20 mg/kg *draw random level within 6-16 hours after dose adjust body weight (ABW) formula? - IBW + [0.4(TBW - IBW)] desired trough (traditional dosing) for gent/tobra? peak? - trough: 2 mcg/mL peak: 5-10 mcg/mL amoxicilin brand name - Amoxil what organisms do the penicillins cover? - mainly gram (+), some gram (-) which penicillin is the DOC in acute otitis media? - amoxicillin which penicillin has activity against PA? - piperacillin which penicillins do not require renal dosing? - nafcillin oxacillin