Dialysis PCT Exam Questions Answered 100% correct

Dialysis PCT Exam Questions Answered 100% correct The number one infection control practice for reducing infections is Hand Washing This patient is placed in isolation HBsAG+ Every time the dialysis machine is touched Wear a glove When cannulating wear Gloves, Gown, and Face Shield Patients with drug resistant infection such as MRSA or VRE are dialyzed -In a separate area -With dedicated BP cuff and stethoscope Hemolysis Destruction of red blood cells Air Embolism Air blocking a blood vessel Dry Weight Patients weight without extra fluid Available Weight Weight to remove to get to dry weight ESRD End Stage Renal Disease During dialysis fluid and waste may only be removed by the _____ space. Intravascular Edema and difficulty breathing maybe symptoms of Fluid Overload List some interventions to treat hypotension -Lower Temperature -UF off -Saline -Trendelenburg BFR Blood Flow Rate List two interventions to treat cramping -Turn UF off -Saline Rinse (100-200cc) DFR Dialysate Flow Rate OLC Online Clearance KECN Clearance Effective by Conductivity of Sodium UF RMVD Ultra filtration Removed Dialysate is composed of Purified Water, Acid, and Bicarb The acid part of the bath contains electrolytes such as Potassium and Calcium To ensure safe delivery dialysate is tested for -Total Chlorine -Bacteria -Endotoxins Movement of solutes across a semi permeable membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration Diffusion Movement of water from lower concentration of solutes to higher concentration Osmosis True or False? The dialysate compartment of the dialyzer is sterile True True or False? The hollow fiber of the dialyzer is a semi permeable membrane True True or False? Is dialysate sterile? False- Dialysate is Ultra Pure If an infiltration occurs during a treatment, what is the first action you take? Stop the blood pump Infiltration Blood escapes into surrounding tissue Aneurysm Enlarged weakened area of AVF Pseudoaneurysm Enlarged weakened area of a graft Anastamosis Surgical connection of vein and artery Bruit Sound of the access (with stethoscope) Name three primary functions of the kidney -Removes excess fluids and toxins -Filters and maintains Blood Pressure - Electrolyte Balance What body systems are affected by Chronic Kidney Failure? -Eyes -Heart -Nervous -Vascular What are the two main leading causes for CKD? -Diabetes -High Blood Pressure Venous Pressure (VP) Pressure in the lines that returns blood to the patient. (clean blood) Arterial Pressure (AP) Pressure in the lines that carries blood from the patient to the machine List different types of treatment options -Hemodialysis (HD) -Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) -Transplant -Pallitive Care Blood Leak A tear in the dialyzer membrane that allows blood to leak into the dialyzer List the organs of the urinary system -Kidneys -Ureter -Bladder -Uretha Edema Water retention with swelling Crenation The shrinking of the red blood cells when exposed to concentrated solution (Hypertonic) Anemia Shortage of oxygen-carrying red blood cells Exsanguination An extensive loss of blood (May lead to death) Nephron Tiny blood purification filters in the kidney Uremia The build-up of waste products in the blood Renin Increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels When a patient begins to drop to the floor without warning the employee should first Gently break the fall When walking with an ambulatory patient: Walk on their strong side Prior to leaving the dialysis clinic, patients refusing to stay for their prescribed treatment time must sign which form? An Against Medical Advice (AMA) form. Erythropoietin A hormone that stimulates production of RBC's in the bone marrow When terminating a patient relationship the facility is required to help the patient find another facility within what time frame? 30 Days In terms of fire extinguisher operation, PASS stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep What action should an employee take first when there is a fire? Pull the fire alarm. Fire extinguishers must be checked every Month ____ fire extinguishers are used for electrical fires Class C ______ fire extinguishers are used for ordinary combustibles Class A The purpose of locking and tagging equipment is to: Control the energy source Potential sources of energy in most dialysis clinics consist of: -Reverse osmosis machine pumps -60 PSI water line -Primary and Secondary water heaters Items caked with blood and blood saturated gauze's MUST be disposed of directly into the: Bio hazard waste container Sharps containers must be emptied when they are: 50-75% Full Bio hazard waste containers can NOT contain: Dirty Needles What percentage of needle stick exposures actually result in HBV? 30% The following should be placed in a sharps container: Syringes, Medication vials and broken glass What taping technique should be used with fistula needles? Butterfly Which item does not need to be disposed immediately after use: -Sysloc Needle -Medication vial -Syringe with needle -AVF needle Medication vial When cannulating a patient the tip of the AVF needle should always be pointed: Away from the person preforming cannulation PPE must be approved by: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Exam gloves protect against what? Blood borne Pathogens Wearing PPE in a work place is: Required How frequently should Hazard Assessments be reviewed? Annually Using PPE correctly protects an employee from what? Biological hazards, HIV Infections, Physical hazards and electrical hazards What body fluid is NOT potentially infectious? Urine The hepatitis B virus can live on surfaces up to: 1 week The most common serious disease transmitted by blood borne pathogens is: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ____ workers have the highest incidence of work place assault injuries. Healthcare and Social Blood borne pathogens can enter your body through: Acne, Puncture Wounds, Eyes and Mucus Membranes CFU Colony Forming Units Critical incidence stress debriefings should be held ____ to _____ hours after incident: 1 to 12 CMS stands for Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hands must be washed with soap and water for how long? -When washing hands 40-60 seconds -Hand Sanitize is 20-30 seconds Bleach solution must be mixed fresh when: Every day Ultra filtration is filtration using Pressure Define counter current flow: Blood flows one way, dialysate flows the opposite way When is hand washing necessary? after restroom, before eating or when blood in noticeable, treating c-diff patients and anthrax Heparin is given ______ minutes before treatment is started to allow ________________ *3-5 *Systemic Anti Coagulation Heparin loading dose is given via the _________ needle or ___________ limb of CVC Venous When opening a new vial of heparin what three things are recorded on the label? -Date -Time -Initial of who opened During hemodialysis urea is removed from only one body fluid space which is the ________? Intravascular True or False? Does a dialysis patient maintain an average temperature? False