HESI Fundamentals Review

BASIC TEST-TAKING TIPS ● Read every QUESTION thoroughly ○ Catch words and phrases like: initial, first, immediate, priority, side effect vs. toxic/adverse effect, would/would not, most appropriate, least appropriate, needs additional teaching, understands the teaching, correct, incorrect ● Read all the ANSWERS thoroughly ○ Catch words like - only, all, always, never ○ These are generally too EXTREME to be correct, so you oftencan safely eliminate those answers ● Eliminate answers that don't DIRECTLY answer the question: ○ Some answers will be somewhat but indirectly related to the question being asked - ELIMINATE ○ Some answers will be grammatically incorrect for the question being asked - ELIMINATE ● Avoid ADDING information ○ NO asking "What if...?" ○ Critical thinking - base your answer off the information you HAVE REMEMBER YOUR ABCs ● Airway 1st priority) ○ Obstruction, Aspiration, Positioning of head/neck ï BREATHING (2nd) ○ Respiratory muscle function, Ventilation, Gas Exchange, LOC ï CIRCULATION (3rd) ○ Peripheral tissue perfusion, BP, cardiac output (CO), Shock THE NURSING PROCESS ³ ADPIE ● Assessment - Always first! ● Diagnosis - What are the problems? Set priorities. ï Planning - What are the goals? Solution(s)? ● Implementation - Administration of care ● Evaluation - Patient outcomes & reassessment - what needs to change? MASLOW9S HIERARCHY ● Physiologic needs come before ALL else ○ Physiological needs =air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction ï Safety needs=personal security, employment, resources, health, property ï Love and belonging = friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection ○ Esteem = respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom ï Self-actualization =desire to become the most that one can be