Dental Hygiene National Board Community Oral Health and Indices

What is the fundamentals of community health practice? - survey and needs assessment, data analysis, program planning, program operation, funding, and appraisal or evaluation What is the fundamentals of private dental practice? - Health history and examination (assessment), diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment, payment, and evaluation What is the difference between the community oral health and private practice oral health? - community assesses a whole community and private practice assess an individual's needs What are the 4 government levels of community dental health? - International, Federal, State, and local What is a prime example of International community dental health? - WHO- World Health Organization Who published Healthy People of 2010? - DHHS- Department of Health and Human Services What level of governement coordinates programs for underdeveloped nations and gathers epidemiological data for comparison across nations? - The international What would be a good index to use for international populations utilizing minimal equipment? - Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) What level of government acts on oral health problems of national significance primarily within the jurisdiction of the Department of Health and Human Services? - Federal What are some example of federal agencies involved with community oral health issues? - CDC-Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA), and National Institute of Health NIH) What level of government provides consultation services to local health departments? - State What level of government directly administers county and city programs and initiates dental health legislative measures like fluoridation? - Local What is the study of Health and Disease in populations? - Epidemiology How does Epidemiologic studies usually report finding? - in terms of prevalence or incidence of disease What term refers to the estimated population of people who are managing a disease at any given time? - Prevalence What term refers to the annual diagnosis rate or the number of new cases of a particular disease diagnosed each year? - Incidence What are some uses of epidemiology? - collecting data to describe normal biological processes, understanding the natural history of a disease process, measuring the distribution of a disease in a given population, identifying determinants of a disease, testing hypothesis for prevention and control of a disease through studies, and planning evaluating health care services What term describes an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population at a particular place and time? - epidemic What is an example of an epidemic? - meningitis outbreak among senior high school students during fall quarter 2010 What term describes a disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course? - Endemic What is an example of an endemic? - hay fever during spring What is the term that describes an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area; often worldwide? - Pandemic What is an example of a pandemic? - Worldwide swine flu scare What study determines who is getting the disease and where and when the disease is occurring? - Descriptive Studies What study test the hypothesis to establish a cause? - Experimental studies What is a null hypothesis? - referred to at "HO" is a hypothesis which is a researcher tries to disprove or nullify What is a alternative hypothesis? - sometimes denotes as "H1", is an alternate way to explain the phenomenon What is an example of null hypothesis? - Daily flossing does not lower interproximal caries rates What is an example of an alternative hypothesis? - Daily flossing decreases inter proximal caries rate What does an experimental study usually use? - Laboratory What is a control group? - experimental treatment is withheld; test subjects receive a placebo What is a treatment group? - this group receives experimental treatment What is a blindness study? - The researchers are unaware of whether the test subjects is in the control or treatment groups during the study; helps prevent bias What is a double blinded study? - Neither the researcher nor the subjects know who is receiving experimental treatment; this is the best way to prevent bias