PSB Final Exam 2023/2024 with Complete Solutions

PSB Final Exam 2023/2024 with Complete Solutions Sensitization - CORRECT ANSWER Facilitates interneuron Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased Ca2+ influx Retrograde messenger - CORRECT ANSWER Facilitates glutamate release in LTP Name 4 changes that are associated with long-term memory for sensitization or habituation in the aplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER - transmitter release - sensitivity of postsynaptic membrane - pre and postsynaptic membrane (active zone) - synapse numbers Patients with amnesia like N.A.'s (Nick's) can form new long-term memories for what? - CORRECT ANSWER Unconscious (implicit knowledge): procedural memory and conditioning effects (motor memory) Squire's study of patients who had undergone electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) demonstrated that unlike H.M., ECT patients have what kind of amnesia? - CORRECT ANSWER Retrograde amnesia The most striking impairment suffered by H.M. is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Dense anterograde memory (semantic or episodic) Confabulation is a symptom of what disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Korsakoff's Syndrome - confusing imagined scenarios with actual memories with no intent to deceive Henry Molaison (H.M.) surgery involved removal of the hippocampus and what other brain structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Thalamus and mammillary bodies The main cause of Korsakoff''s Syndrome is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B1 deficiency Episodic memory concerns what information? - CORRECT ANSWER What happened (events) - explicit Describe the 2 simplest forms of nonassociative learning. - CORRECT ANSWER Habituation and sensitization Which structures are required for the conditioned eye-blink response in the rabbit? - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebellum, trigimenal nucleus and cranial motor nuclei The natural ligand for the AMPA receptor is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Glutamate List the nuclei critical for performance of the basic automatic reflex (UR). - CORRECT ANSWER Abducens List the cerebellar structure(s) in which information about the CS and US converge. - CORRECT ANSWER Interpositus and cerebellar cortex Briefly describe a postsynaptic mechanism of LTP maintenance. - CORRECT ANSWER AMPA receptors; influx of calcium through NMDA receptors, produces a biochemical cascade, causes exocytosis (inserting/putting) them in the membrane) of AMPA receptors Why does sensitization result in increased EPSPs in the motor neurons controlling the gill withdrawal reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER Increase of calcium coming in causing vesicles to release more neurotransmitters