Materiaalleer 3
Hoofdstuk 1: kunststoffen
Deel Dries Posen_2022-2023
Inhoud
Overzicht.................................................................................................................................................................2
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................2
Soorten kunststoffen (afkortingen) ............................................................................................................2
Definitie ..................................................................................................................................................................3
Kunststoffen ...............................................................................................................................................3
Additieven...................................................................................................................................................3
Geschiedenis ...........................................................................................................................................................3
Natuurproducten: wijzigen = betere eig. ...................................................................................................3
Volledig synthetische mat. .........................................................................................................................3
Productie ................................................................................................................................................................4
Ontstaan aardolie .......................................................................................................................................4
Raffinaderij .................................................................................................................................................4
Polymerisatie ..........................................................................................................................................................4
Macromoleculen / polymeren ....................................................................................................................4
2 soorten polymerisatie..............................................................................................................................5
Koolwaterstoffen ........................................................................................................................................5
Kristalliniteit................................................................................................................................................6
Classificatie .............................................................................................................................................................6
Structuur .....................................................................................................................................................6
Eigenschappen ........................................................................................................................................................7
Thermische eigenschappen ........................................................................................................................7
Mechanische eigenschappen .....................................................................................................................7
Vormgevingstechnieken (afspeellijsten) ................................................................................................................8
Extrusie .......................................................................................................................................................8
Handlaminatie ............................................................................................................................................8
Spuitlaminatie .............................................................................................................................................9
Rotatievormen ............................................................................................................................................9
Spuitgieten..................................................................................................................................................9
Thermovormen ...........................................................................................................................................9
Verbindingstechnieken (afspeellijsten) ............................................................................................................... 10
Extrusielassen .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Lijmen – algemeen................................................................................................................................... 10
Pagina 1 van 10
, Fysisch uithardende lijmen .......................................................................................................................... 10
Chemisch uithardende lijmen...................................................................................................................... 10
Lijmen – hechtmachine ........................................................................................................................... 10
Moflassen ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Pendellassen ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Overzicht
Organisch:
- Grondst. uit levende
organismen (aardolie,
aardgas)
- Bevatten vaak koolstoffen
Polymeren: lange ketens v. deeltjes
Kunststoffen = PM +
toevoegstoffen
Plastic = specifieke
thermoplasten
Inleiding
VOORDELEN NADELEN
Productie makkelijk industrialiseren Bros na tijd
Goed mat. imiteren (ook bouwmat.) Invloed v. temp. op soepelh.
Makkelijk vorm te geven (verschillende
technieken)
Recycleerb. (vaak down-cycling)
Soorten kunststoffen (afkortingen)
PET Polyethyleentereftalaat
PE-HD Polyetheen – hogedichtheidstype (high-density)
PE-LD Polyetheen – lagedichtheidstype (low-density)
PE-LLD Polyetheen – lineair lagedichtheidstype (linear low-density)
PVC Polyvinylchloride
PS Polystyreen
PS-E Polystyreen – geëxpandeerd
PUR Polyurethaan
PP Polypropyleen
Pagina 2 van 10
Hoofdstuk 1: kunststoffen
Deel Dries Posen_2022-2023
Inhoud
Overzicht.................................................................................................................................................................2
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................2
Soorten kunststoffen (afkortingen) ............................................................................................................2
Definitie ..................................................................................................................................................................3
Kunststoffen ...............................................................................................................................................3
Additieven...................................................................................................................................................3
Geschiedenis ...........................................................................................................................................................3
Natuurproducten: wijzigen = betere eig. ...................................................................................................3
Volledig synthetische mat. .........................................................................................................................3
Productie ................................................................................................................................................................4
Ontstaan aardolie .......................................................................................................................................4
Raffinaderij .................................................................................................................................................4
Polymerisatie ..........................................................................................................................................................4
Macromoleculen / polymeren ....................................................................................................................4
2 soorten polymerisatie..............................................................................................................................5
Koolwaterstoffen ........................................................................................................................................5
Kristalliniteit................................................................................................................................................6
Classificatie .............................................................................................................................................................6
Structuur .....................................................................................................................................................6
Eigenschappen ........................................................................................................................................................7
Thermische eigenschappen ........................................................................................................................7
Mechanische eigenschappen .....................................................................................................................7
Vormgevingstechnieken (afspeellijsten) ................................................................................................................8
Extrusie .......................................................................................................................................................8
Handlaminatie ............................................................................................................................................8
Spuitlaminatie .............................................................................................................................................9
Rotatievormen ............................................................................................................................................9
Spuitgieten..................................................................................................................................................9
Thermovormen ...........................................................................................................................................9
Verbindingstechnieken (afspeellijsten) ............................................................................................................... 10
Extrusielassen .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Lijmen – algemeen................................................................................................................................... 10
Pagina 1 van 10
, Fysisch uithardende lijmen .......................................................................................................................... 10
Chemisch uithardende lijmen...................................................................................................................... 10
Lijmen – hechtmachine ........................................................................................................................... 10
Moflassen ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Pendellassen ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Overzicht
Organisch:
- Grondst. uit levende
organismen (aardolie,
aardgas)
- Bevatten vaak koolstoffen
Polymeren: lange ketens v. deeltjes
Kunststoffen = PM +
toevoegstoffen
Plastic = specifieke
thermoplasten
Inleiding
VOORDELEN NADELEN
Productie makkelijk industrialiseren Bros na tijd
Goed mat. imiteren (ook bouwmat.) Invloed v. temp. op soepelh.
Makkelijk vorm te geven (verschillende
technieken)
Recycleerb. (vaak down-cycling)
Soorten kunststoffen (afkortingen)
PET Polyethyleentereftalaat
PE-HD Polyetheen – hogedichtheidstype (high-density)
PE-LD Polyetheen – lagedichtheidstype (low-density)
PE-LLD Polyetheen – lineair lagedichtheidstype (linear low-density)
PVC Polyvinylchloride
PS Polystyreen
PS-E Polystyreen – geëxpandeerd
PUR Polyurethaan
PP Polypropyleen
Pagina 2 van 10
