WEEK 3: ED1BSJ
GENDER PP
SLIDE 3: SEX & GENDER
What is sex?
} biological, XX & YY (98%)
What is gender?
} social & cultural aspects of sexual difference, man/women & masculine/feminine, social
constructions (not fixed: time, place)
SLIDE 5: JUDITH BUTLER (1990)
o new way of looking at sex & gender
o butler = difference between sexes only established within social context
|_> people create gender, in turn defines people
o butler = asserted we ‘perform’ gender
|_> it is a role that we learn in society
SLIDE 6: GENDER IDENTITY
o butler = as a performance
|_> what you do rather than who you are
|_> going girl & doing boy – heterosexual matrix (social system where people are
expected to confirm to)
o anne Oakley (1981) = gender roles in society acquired via process of socialisation
rather than biologically determined.
|_> ‘Gender is the learned cultural differences between males & females’
o “one is not born, but rather becomes, women [or man]”
SLIDE 7&8: GENDER ROLES
o Division of labour = roles & tasks assigned to women & men based on perceived
characteristics & attributes, instead of ability & skills
o E.G. women/girls:
o Household & child-rearing responsibilities
o These different roles have less access & control to (financial) resources &
decision-making processes
o Implications for life choices & opportunities
o Gender inequality in all areas of life & reflects power relations & structures
o Persons gender & role = several elements expressed through clothing, behaviour,
occupation, personal relationships & other factors
} elements aren’t fixed & have changed through time & place
SLIDE 12: GENDER TRAITS
Feminine traits:
} dependent
Emotional
GENDER PP
SLIDE 3: SEX & GENDER
What is sex?
} biological, XX & YY (98%)
What is gender?
} social & cultural aspects of sexual difference, man/women & masculine/feminine, social
constructions (not fixed: time, place)
SLIDE 5: JUDITH BUTLER (1990)
o new way of looking at sex & gender
o butler = difference between sexes only established within social context
|_> people create gender, in turn defines people
o butler = asserted we ‘perform’ gender
|_> it is a role that we learn in society
SLIDE 6: GENDER IDENTITY
o butler = as a performance
|_> what you do rather than who you are
|_> going girl & doing boy – heterosexual matrix (social system where people are
expected to confirm to)
o anne Oakley (1981) = gender roles in society acquired via process of socialisation
rather than biologically determined.
|_> ‘Gender is the learned cultural differences between males & females’
o “one is not born, but rather becomes, women [or man]”
SLIDE 7&8: GENDER ROLES
o Division of labour = roles & tasks assigned to women & men based on perceived
characteristics & attributes, instead of ability & skills
o E.G. women/girls:
o Household & child-rearing responsibilities
o These different roles have less access & control to (financial) resources &
decision-making processes
o Implications for life choices & opportunities
o Gender inequality in all areas of life & reflects power relations & structures
o Persons gender & role = several elements expressed through clothing, behaviour,
occupation, personal relationships & other factors
} elements aren’t fixed & have changed through time & place
SLIDE 12: GENDER TRAITS
Feminine traits:
} dependent
Emotional
