ABC Prosthetic Written Exam Aready Solved 100%

The gluteus medium is most active during what phase of stance? - Answer Midstance Which of the following is a major cause of the toe externally rotating at heel strike for an AK? A)knee bolt externally rotated. B)excessive toe out. C)keel too short. D) plantar flexion resistance is too firm? - Answer D) plantarflexion resistance is too firm All of the following factors contribute to vaulting with an AK except? A) weak hip extensors. B)prosthesis too long. C) excessive knee friction. D)inadequate suspension? - Answer A) weak hip extensors The gait cycle consists of? - Answer Heel strike on one side to the following heel strike on the same side. Venous return of the blood to the heart is assisted by? - Answer The action of skeletal muscles How many inches does the center of gravity shift from side to side during normal locomotion? - Answer 2 inches Your center of gravity is located where? - Answer Just anterior of the second sacral vertebrae. The surgical attachment of muscle to muscle - Answer Myoplasty The surgical attachment of muscle to bone - Answer Myodesis The body's center of gravity reaches its highest point at? - Answer midstance Pressure is determined by (equation) - Answer Force divided by area During normal human locomotion, between heel contact and foot flat, GRF causes which moment at the knee and hip? - Answer Knee flexion and hip flexion If the sciatic nerve is severed at the level of the lesser trochanter, muscle function will not be impaired at which lower extremity joint? - Answer The hip joint In a shoulder disartic, what muscles would be most suitable sites for control of a myoelectric elbow? - Answer Pectoralis major and the trapezius In a scapulothoracic amputee, what motion can be used to operate the prosthesis? - Answer Chest expansion The infraspinatus performs what action? - Answer external rotation of the arm, stabilize the shoulder The terminal device on a shoulder disartic is operated primarily by scapular...? - Answer Scapular abduction Shoulder district tend to have more difficulty with force or excursion? - Answer Excursion needed to operate the prosthesis. The most prominent and superior point of the shoulder girdle is the? - Answer Acromion Benefits of a shoulder saddle harness? - Answer Increase comfort in axial loading, reduce pressure on the axilla (however does not improve excursion with biscapular abduction) What UE amputation level are external or outside locking joints designed for? - Answer Elbow disarticulation or distal humerus (when a standard elbow unit would otherwise excessively elongate the humeral section) Standard length of a prosthetic elbow unit - Answer 2" Definition of amelia - Answer complete absence of a limb Where should the cross point of a Figure 8 harness be located? - Answer Inferior of C7 and towards the sound side. What epiphysis contributes most to the longitudinal growth of the UE? - Answer the distal humerus Action: Elevation of the scapula - Answer Muscle: Trapezius What action at the shoulder will be impaired if the middle deltoid is not functional? - Answer Abduction What amputation level would flexible elbow hinges be most appropriate? - Answer Long transradial and lower (some pronation and supination) Extended proximal trimlines serve what purpose in and short TH prosthesis? - Answer increase rotational stability The muscles the pass posterior to the medial malleoli act to: - Answer Invert and plantarflex the foot. Include: posterior tibias, flexor digitorum longs, flexor hallucis longus. Primary flexors of the knee include: - Answer The hamstrings: biceps femoris (insert lateral), semitendinosus, semimembranosus (insert most medial). The selisian bandage/belt provides? - Answer aides in rotational control, improves suspension (often paired with suction), provides additional sense of security. Does not provide M/L stability. How to determine the M/L dimension for a quad socket. - Answer divide thigh circumference at ischial level by three. In normal gait, the hip reaches maximum extension at what phase? - Answer Heel off SACH foot advantages - Answer soft heel simulates plantarflexion, low weight, low cost, low maintenence, shock absorbing SACH foot disadvantages (Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel) - Answer no torque absorption, limited durabilit. Not ideal for active amputee, someone needing increased knee stability, or needing additional ground compliance Single Axis foot advantages - Answer allows movement in a single plane. Promotes knee stability and is shock absorption with a smooth push off. Single Axis Foot disadvantages - Answer frequent bumper replacement needed, no torque absorption. Not ideal for active patient or one needing additional ground compliance. Multi axis foot advantages - Answer Moves in multiple planes. Allows dorsi/plantar, inver/eversion, torsion of the foot. Absorbs torsion and shock and will conform to uneven surfaces. Multi axis foot disadvantages - Answer Less cosmetic, often heavier, and requires more maintenance due to more parts. Not ideal for household or single speed ambulatory Dynamic foot advantages - Answer energy-storing foot with dynamic push off. typically lighter due to carbon fiber (or other) construction. Smoother gait and less energy expenditure Dynamic foot disadvantages - Answer More expensive. Can justify medical necessity or active community ambulatory only. Which bones form the acetabulum? - Answer ilium, pubis, ischium In a very short AK, which muscle group is least effective or lacking? - Answer Adductors (adductor magnus, adductor longus and brevis, gracilis) Femoral or Scarpa's Triangle is composed of? - Answer Adductor longus (medial), Sartorius (lateral), and Inguinal ligament (superior). Where does the iliospoas muscle insert (Psoas major and iliacus)? - Answer the lesser trochanter. Is the strongest hip flexor. In a hip disarticulation prosthesis, how is the iliac crest used? - Answer It provides a boney area for suspension.