Bio 414: Evolutionary Analysis Chapter 2 question and answers graded A+ 2023

Bio 414: Evolutionary Analysis Chapter 2 question and answers graded A+ 2023When did James Usher suggest that life on Earth started and how did he arrive at this particular date? - correct answer Suggested that Earth started at 4004 BC by the theory of special creator. What are the two components of the theory of Special Creation? - correct answer 1. A series of claims: all species are immutable (do not change since their origin), species were recently created, and variation among individuals is limited. 2. All species were created separately and are genealogically unrelated to each other. How do/did observations from the soapberry bug in Florida show evidence for "change through time?" - correct answer As a new plant was introduced into the soapberry bugs, the new plant was exploited and shorter beak lengths evolved. How did Sean Carrol and colleagues show that the variation in soapberry bug beak length was heritable and why was this important? - correct answer Showed it was heritable by rearing both the lake whales and key largo on non-native plants, the soapberry bugs developed the same, showing it was genetic not environmental-shows direct evidence of microevolution. What is a vestigial organ? Give an example of one. - correct answer Useless or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in other, closely allied, species. Examples: Wings on kiwi birds; human tail bone (coccyx) Give an example of a vestigial molecular trait. - correct answer Human chromosome 6 has DNA sequence of a gene for enzyme CMAH, except disabled due to a 92-base pair deletion. Chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans, make CMAH in abundance, but humans cannot. How did Cresko and colleagues discover that the body armor of marine and freshwater sticklebacks was heritable? - correct answer Difference in armor controlled by two genes. Each gene has two alleles, those associated with heavy armor and one with light. Loberg Lake example of how the population evolved. Mated heavy armored with light armored and showed a 9:3:3:1 mendelian pattern.