NLN PAX RN Study Guide I Exam Review 2023 A+

NLN PAX RN Study Guide I Exam Review 2023 A+ cell - Answer-the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm nucleus - Answer-a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction DNA - Answer-deoxyribonucleic acid. Double-stranded nucleic acid twisted into a helical shape; its base sequence encodes the primary hereditary information for all living organisms and many viruses. plasma (cell) membrane - Answer-phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins. Contains receptors for communication; forms intercellular connections and boundaries; acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents; regulates movement into and out of the cell. interstitial fluid - Answer-liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body selectively permeable - Answer-a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot cytoplasm - Answer-the region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes); contains a gellike material and cell organelles organelles - Answer-are structures that work like miniature organs, carrying out specific functions in the cell mitochondria - Answer-powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production ribosome - Answer-a cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; Consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits. ribosomes attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when a ribosome reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecules Continues...