Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th Edition, Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew

Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th Edition, Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew TEST BANK FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 11TH EDITION, FREDERIC H. MARTINI, JUDI L. NATH, EDWIN F. BARTHOLOMEW Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Martini) Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Multiple Choice Questions 1) Anatomy is to as physiology is to . A) function; form B) form; structure C) structure; function D) structure; form E) growth; form Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 2) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called A) cytology. B) histology. C) embryology. D) physiology. E) anatomy. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 3) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) surgical Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 4) Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) microscopic D) pathological E) regional Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 5) The study of the first two months of development is termed A) histology. B) embryology. C) cytology. D) pathology. E) organology. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 6) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called A) systemic physiology. B) organ physiology. C) cell physiology. D) pathological physiology. E) histology. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 7) Cardiovascular function is an example of A) histophysiology. B) organ physiology. C) systemic physiology. D) pathological physiology. E) physiological chemistry. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 8) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to A) physiology. B) regional anatomy. C) cytology. D) systemic anatomy. E) radiographic anatomy. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 9) Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts. A) genetics B) physiology C) embryology D) anatomy E) cytology Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 10) Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. A) genetics B) physiology C) embryology D) anatomy E) cytology Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 11) The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called anatomy. A) developmental B) clinical C) systemic D) embryological E) physiological Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 12) The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) clinical Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 52) The common name for the patella is the A) forehead. B) knee. C) heel. D) palm of the hand. E) chin. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 53) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) section. A) frontal B) transverse C) oblique D) parasagittal E) coronal Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 54) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the umbilical region is the A) hypogastric region. B) left hypochondriac region. C) right inguinal region. D) epigastric region. E) left lumbar region. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 55) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the hypogastric region is the A) umbilical region. B) left hypochondriac region. C) right inguinal region. D) epigastric region. E) left lumbar region. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 56) The diaphragm muscle separates the _ from the . A) pleural cavity; mediastinum B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 57) The thoracic cavity contains the A) coelom. B) pericardial cavity. C) pelvic cavity. D) pleural cavities. E) pericardial and pleural cavities. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 58) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the A) pericardium. B) peritoneum. C) pleura. D) mediastinum. E) abdomen. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 59) Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal? A) stomach B) kidney C) urinary bladder D) large intestine E) spleen Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 60) The right pleural cavity contains A) the heart. B) the trachea. C) the left lung. D) the right lung. E) both lungs. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 61) Visceral pericardium is located A) on the heart itself. B) lining the pleural cavity. C) lining the pericardial cavity. D) on the lung itself. E) lining the peritoneal cavity. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 62) The mediastinum A) contains the pleural cavities. B) separates the pleural cavities. C) contains the pericardial cavity. D) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity. E) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 63) Identify the structure located within the mediastinum. A) pericardial cavity B) small intestine C) lung D) spleen E) stomach Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 64) Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys? A) PET scan B) ultrasound C) digital subtraction angiography D) MRI E) CT scan Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying 65) The is the membrane that covers the internal organs. A) parietal serosa B) visceral serosa C) mucous membrane D) cutaneous membrane E) serous membrane Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 66) The is the membrane that covers the inner surface of cavity walls. A) parietal serosa B) visceral serosa C) mucous membrane D) cutaneous membrane E) serous membrane Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 67) Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in uniform direction allowing the imaging of soft tissue? A) PET scan B) ultrasound C) digital subtraction angiography D) MRI E) CT scan Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying 68) The imaging technique that assesses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure is called a A) PET scan. B) ultrasound. C) digital subtraction angiography. D) MRI. E) CT scan. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying 69) The imaging technique that builds an image by using sound waves reflected by internal structures is called a A) PET scan. B) ultrasound. C) digital subtraction angiography. D) MRI. E) CT scan. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying 70) The central principle of physiology is A) nutrition. B) reflexes. C) homeostasis. D) stimulation. E) temperature regulation. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 71) The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed A) positive feedback. B) homeostasis. C) negative feedback. D) effector control. E) integration. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 72) The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called A) self-regulation. B) homeostasis. C) equilibriosis. D) hemopoiesis. E) amplification. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 73) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. A) control center; effector; receptor B) receiver; communicator; effector C) receptor; control center; effector D) effector; receiver; communicator E) control center; receiver; effector Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 74) results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system. A) Self-regulation B) Automatic regulation C) Intrinsic regulation D) Extrinsic regulation E) Autoregulation Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 75) The process that occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts in response to some environmental change is A) negative feedback. B) positive feedback. C) homeostatic equilibrium. D) dynamic equilibrium. E) autoregulation. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 76) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of A) negative feedback. B) positive feedback. C) nonhomeostatic regulation. D) diagnostic regulation. E) fever. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 77) A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) A) receptor. B) thermoregulator. C) hypothalamus. D) effector. E) stimulus. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 78) This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) depressing E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 79) If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a feedback system. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 80) If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a feedback system. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 81) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus. B) sweat glands that increase secretion. C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector. D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate. E) sweat glands that act like effectors. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 82) The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the A) hypothalamus. B) skin. C) temperature sensor. D) positive feedback center. E) thermostat. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 83) Disease is an indicator of A) negative feedback. B) signs and symptoms. C) homeostatic failure. D) positive feedback. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 84) In a stimulus produces a response that opposes or negates the original stimulus. A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) homeostatic equilibrium D) dynamic equilibrium E) homeostasis Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 85) In a stimulus produces a response that amplifies or enhances the original stimulus. A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) homeostatic equilibrium D) dynamic equilibrium E) homeostasis Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding In-Text Figure Based Questions 1) Are the following anatomical landmarks visible from the anterior or posterior view: dorsal, gluteal, calcaneal? (Figure 1-3) A) anterior B) posterior Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 2) In which abdominopelvic quadrant and region is the stomach predominantly found? (Figure 1- 4) A) right upper quadrant and epigastric region B) left lower quadrant and umbilical region C) left upper quadrant and epigastric region D) right lower quadrant and umbilical region E) left lower quadrant and hypochondriac region Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 3) Using directional references for a person in anatomical position, how would you describe the relationship of the hand compared to the elbow? To the groin? (Figure 1-5) A) proximal; medial B) proximal; posterior C) proximal; lateral D) distal; medial E) distal; lateral Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 4) Which plane separates the body into superior and inferior portions? Which plane separates the body into anterior and posterior portions? (Figure 1-6) A) transverse/horizontal; sagittal B) sagittal; transverse/horizontal C) frontal/coronal; sagittal D) transverse/horizontal; frontal/coronal E) frontal/coronal; transverse/horizontal Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 5) If a person's body temperature gets too high, the body will respond by decreasing its temperature to restore homeostasis. What are some of the body's homeostatic responses to decrease body temperature? (Figure 1-9) A) blood vessels constrict, sweating increases B) blood vessels are not affected but sweating decreases C) blood vessels dilate, sweating increases D) shivering increases E) sweating decreases, shivering increases Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Essay Questions 1) What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance? Answer: Homeostatic regulation refers to adjustments in physiological systems that are responsible for the preservation of a constant internal environment. This enables cells to maintain metabolism and the chemical environment that stabilizes the living state. Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing 2) During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of homeostatic regulation is this? Why? Answer: The initial increase in blood flow to active muscles is an example of autoregulation. For example, when oxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the region even before responses from the nervous or endocrine system take place. Autoregulation does not require the nervous or endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 1-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing 3) Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity. Answer: lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, major blood vessels connected to the heart Learning Outcome: 1-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 4) Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each. Answer: right upper quadrant (RUQ): right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, large and small intestines; left upper quadrant (LUQ): left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine Learning Outcome: 1-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 5) Explain what dynamic equilibrium is and how it affects homeostasis. Answer: Dynamic equilibrium is defined by a system that is capable of adapting and adjusting to changing conditions in order to maintain a normal range of values. In thermal regulation at equilibrium heat loss is equal to heat production. As circumstances changing and our bodies experience more muscle contraction we increase heat production. In order to maintain equilibrium the body must shed excess heat produced by the muscles so that heat loss and heat production are again equal or in equilibrium. Learning Outcome: 1-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying