Foundations of Reading – 090 Latest Questions Graded A With Correct Answers 2023

phoneme - a phoneme is the smallest part of SPOKEN language that makes a difference in the meaning of the word. English has 44 phonemes. Think of tapping. grapheme - smallest part of WRITTEN language. Think of line on graph. Graphemes could be only one letter like b,d,f,p,s; or several letters such as ch, sh, th, ck, ea, igh. phonics - the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (sounds of a spoken language) and graphemes (written language). phonemic awareness - the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds-phonemes- in spoken words. this is purely auditory skill and does not involve a connection to the written form of language. ONLY SPOKEN. Lights on= alphabetic principle. Instruction must be SYSTEMATIC AND EXPLICIT. Greatest predictors of reading success. phonological awareness - a broad umbrella term that include phonemic awareness. In addition to phonemes, phonological awareness activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. Lights out its auditory. Ex. Rhyming, syllables, counting words in a sentence, hearing and manipulating onset and rime and phonemic awareness. syllable - a word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound. onset and rime - parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. An onset is the initial constant sound of a syllable; a rime is the part of the syllable that contains the vowel STOP= st= onset and op= rime. Instruction must be.. - SYSTEMATIC AND EXPLICIT. phoneme isolation - children recognize individual sounds in a word. Teacher: what is the first sound in van? Children: The sound is v. phoneme identity - children recognize the same sounds in different words. Teacher: What sound is the same in fall, fix and fun. Student: The f is the same. phoneme categorization - children recognize the word that is odd in a set. Teacher: What doesn't belong Bus, Bun and Rug? Student: Rug. phoneme blending - children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: What word is b/i/g? (tapping) Children: b/i/g/ is big. phoneme segmenation - Teacher: How many sounds are in grab? Children (tapping): g r a b. Four sounds. Teacher: Now let's write the sounds in grab: g r a b Teacher: writes grab on the board. Now we're going to read the word grab. phoneme addition - Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. Write park, now change park to spark. phoneme substitution - children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. the word is bug. change bug to bun. alphabetic principle - understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. A apple a. book handling skills - illustrates a children's knowledge of how books "work". How to hold the book, tracking print from left to right, front and back cover, title page, dedication page etc. environmental print - print found authentically in our environment, (street signs, store labels, and food labels). Ex: Target, exit, cheerios and McDonalds. emergent literacy - print carries meaning. Student knows that squiggly lines mean "cursive" like their moms and dads do. Random letters put together that don't make words. cueing systems - Semantics (meaning) Syntax (structure) and Phonics (visual). Strong readers use all three. What readers use to predict, self correct and confirm when reading words that they don't already know automatically. SeMANtics/ MeANing - what would make sense? Demands knowledge of.. 1. Context of the sentence/passage. 2. illustrations where available. SynTax and STructure - what would sound right? would we say it that way? Demands knowledge of.. Grammar, and an intuitive sense of the correct order of words in a sentence. subject verb agreement, consistent use of tense. visual/phonics - what word matches the print? What sounds do the letters/ letter combinations make? Demands knowledge of.. alphabetic principle, letter sound correspondence, phonics generalizations and structural analysis strategies. synthetic phonics - a part to whole phonics approach to reading instruction in which the student learns the sounds represented by the letters and letter combinations and blends these sounds to pronounce words and finally identifies which phonic generalizations apply. analytic phonics - a whole to part approach to word study in which the student is first taught a number of sight words and then relevant phonics generalizations, which are subsequently applied to other words; deductive phonics. see also whole word phonics. compound words - two words put together to make a new word Ex. hotdog shoelace prefix/suffix - examples: re- un- -able -ful schwa - an unstressed vowel sound such as the first word in around or the last vowel sound in custom closed syllable - when a short word (or syllable) with one vowel lettder ends in a constant, the voel sound is usually short. Word patterns are VC CVC CVCC CCVC open syllable - when a word or a syllable has only one vowel and it comes at the end of the word or syllable it creates the long vowel sound CV- he me CV-CVC-ti-ger na-tion hu-man. strategy - a means to enhance understanding of text. strategic learners - active learners. While reading they make predictions, organize information, and interact with the text. They think about what they are reading in terms of what they already know. They monitor their comprehension by employing strategies that facilitate their understanding. structural analysis - a procedure for teaching students to read words formed with prefixes, suffixes, or other meaningful word parts. student friendly explanation - an explanation of the word's meaning rather than a definition. 1. characterizes the word and how it is typically used. 2. explains the meaning in everyday language. suffix - an affix attached to the end of a base, root or stem that changes the meaning or grammatical function of the word. Ex: -en in oxEN summarizing - reducing large selections of text to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main points that are worth remembering. symbol to sound - matching grapheme to phoneme. synonym - words that have similar meanings.