NR 293 Final Exam Graded A+

Adrenergic drugs - ANSWER--centrally and peripherally acting adrenergic neuron blockers -centrally acting alpha2 receptor agonists -peripherally acting alpha1 receptor blockers -peripherally acting beta receptor blockers -peripherally acting dual alpha1 and beta receptor blockers centrally acting alpha2 receptor agonists - ANSWER--stimulate alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brain -decrease sympathetic outflow from CNS -decrease norepinephrine production -stimulate renin activity in the kidneys -decrease blood pressure Ex: clonidine (catapres), methyldopa (aldomet) Clonidine - ANSWER-useful in management of withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent person Peripherally acting alpha1 receptor agonists - ANSWER-"azosin" -block alpha1-adrenergic receptors -management of severe HF when used with glycosides and diuretics -some used to relieve symptoms of BPH (flomax) "azosin" adverse effects - ANSWER-hypotension (first dose) syncope diziness beta blockers "olol" - ANSWER-Reduce BP by reducing heart rate -cause reduced secretion of renin -long term use causes peripheral vascular resistance -improve survival after MI Ex: nebivolol, propanolol, atenolol Dual action alpha1 and beta receptor blockers - ANSWER-reduce HR (beta1) cause vasodilation (alpha 1) result in decreased BP -Carvediolol, labetalol adrenergic adverse effects - ANSWER-high incidence of orthostatic hypotension bradycardia w/reflex tachycardia sexual dysfunction dry mouth drowsiness, sedation constipation depression edema less common adrenergic adverse effects - ANSWER-headache sleep disturbances nausea rash cardiac disturbances (palpitations) ACE inhibitors "pril" - ANSWER-inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme preventing angiotensin 1 from being converted to angiotensin 2 -decreased systemic vascular resistance (afterload) -vasodilation -decreased blood pressure angiotensin 2 - ANSWER-potent vasoconstrictor causes aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands indications for ACE inhibitors - ANSWER--first line drugs for HF and HTN -slow progression of left ventricular hypertrophy after MI -renal protective effects in patients with diabetes captopril and lisinopril - ANSWER-ACE inhibitors -can be used if patient has liver dysfunction -not prodrugs prodrugs - ANSWER-inactive in administered form and must be metabolized in the liver to an active form to be effective "pril" adverse effects - ANSWER-hyperkalemia angioedema dry, nonproductive cough (reverses when therapy is stopped) angiotensin II receptor blockers "sartan" - ANSWER--block receptors that receive angiotensin II -block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone -well tolerated, do not cause cough Ex: losartan, valsartan