Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The questions who, what, why, when, where, how, and how much were introduced as a way to
A. understand the dependence potential of a drug.
B. help us evaluate whether a particular type of drug use is a problem.
C. determine the toxicity of a drug.
D. track arrest data for drug law violations.
2. If a substance is consistently used in particular kinds of situations (e.g., at parties, as opposed to when one
is alone), it can help us to understand
A. the amount of the substance being used.
B. the type of substance being used.
C. why the substance is being used.
D. who is using the substance.
3. Methamphetamine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, and glue sniffing were given as examples of media reports
on
A. the "drug du jour."
B. laissez-faire.
C. drugs that are always bad drugs.
D. drug use by celebrities.
4. One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that
A. all psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B. most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C. every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D. drugs, per se, are not good or bad.
5. One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that "every drug has ____________."
A. effects on the heart
B. impurities
C. multiple effects
D. a key to some part of the mind
6. One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that "the effect of any psychoactive drug depends
on ___________________."
A. the individual's history and expectations
B. its legal status
C. the user's diet
D. the user's unique brain chemistry
7. The use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug causes problems or greatly
increases the chances of problems occurring is
A. addiction.
B. dependence.
C. abuse.
D. deviance.
8. Drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority, causing
members of a group to take corrective action when it occurs, is
A. deviant drug use.
B. drug misuse.
C. drug abuse.
D. illicit drug abuse.
,9. A drug that is unlawful to possess or use is defined in the text as
A. an illicit drug.
B. a narcotic.
C. an addictive drug.
D. an abused drug.
10. Drugs have played a significant role in human society
A. for about the past 100 years.
B. only since the 1960s.
C. for thousands of years.
D. only in Europe and North America.
11. In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types
of infections laid the foundation for
A. illicit drug markets.
B. our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
C. many dangerous drug interactions.
D. the "war on drugs."
12. Much of our information about rates of drug use come from survey questionnaires. One important
limitation of such questionnaires is
A. the sample sizes are too small.
B. people might not answer honestly.
C. the people who do the studies are biased.
D. they don't ask questions about illicit drugs.
13. Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, they can be especially informative
A. if they are done year after year, because we can then look for changes over time.
B. about use among those who are not included in the survey.
C. about alcohol use, because it is not illegal.
D. about misuse of prescription drugs.
14. Among college students, fewer than one-fourth have ever tried
A. alcohol.
B. cigarettes.
C. marijuana.
D. hallucinogens.
15. Based on two different large annual surveys, it appears that the percentage of young people reporting
current marijuana use
A. is at its highest point since the studies began over 30 years ago.
B. is about half the percentage reporting current use in the late 1970s.
C. has increased substantially during the past decade.
D. is about 65 percent.
16. When we examine changes over the years in the percentage of high school seniors who say they have
smoked marijuana, we find a clear inverse (mirror-image) relationship to
A. alcohol use.
B. perceived availability of marijuana.
C. perceived risk of harm in using marijuana.
D. the nation's economy.
17. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that, in about 1980,
A. cocaine use was just beginning to increase.
B. alcohol use was low and marijuana use was high.
C. rates of using cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana were all about the same as in 2000.
D. rates of using alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs reached their highest points, and all are now
lower than in 1980.
,18. Attitudes, family characteristics, and other factors that are correlated with higher rates of drug use are
known as
A. causal factors.
B. drug profiles.
C. risk factors.
D. weaknesses.
19. Attitudes, family characteristics, and other factors that are correlated with lower rates of drug use are
known as
A. antecedents.
B. gender and age.
C. deviates.
D. protective factors.
20. One of the most important risk factors for drug use is
A. having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B. being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C. having lots of money.
D. believing that your parents are a source of social support.
21. One of the most important protective factors for drug use is
A. having to work for your spending money.
B. having been punished for fighting.
C. knowing adults who use drugs.
D. believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.
22. One very consistent finding is that students who report ______________________ are less likely to
smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug.
A. having high self-esteem
B. being well-off financially
C. having more involvement with religion
D. having lots of friends
23. According to results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which of these ethnic groups
reports the highest rate of use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana?
A. white
B. African American
C. Hispanic
D. Asian
24. Compared to young adults who finished high school only, those with college degrees
A. are more likely to use cocaine.
B. are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco.
C. are more likely to smoke marijuana.
D. report similar rates of use of most substances.
25. One personality variable that has been consistently associated with higher rates of substance dependence
is
A. low self-esteem.
B. extraversion.
C. high impulsivity.
D. passivity.
26. An example of a longitudinal study of drug use would be
A. surveying high-school seniors every year.
B. following each individual throughout the entire day.
C. sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D. following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.
, 27. Comparing adolescents who smoke cigarettes with those who do not and then looking at later adoption of
marijuana use, cigarette smokers are about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana. For this
reason, cigarettes have been referred to as
A. addicting.
B. a gateway substance.
C. toxic.
D. a correlate.
28. Some drugs have the effect that, every time you take the drug, you increase slightly the probability that
you will take it again. This process is referred to as
A. reinforcement.
B. altered perception.
C. deviant drug use.
D. drug misuse.
29. Which type of factor probably plays a bigger role in determining whether a person will try a drug in the
first place, as opposed to determining which of those who try it will become dependent?
A. genetics
B. personality
C. individual reaction to the drug
D. social
30. We can get an idea of why someone is using a drug by examining when and where he or she uses it.
True False
31. There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.
True False
32. Every drug has multiple effects.
True False
33. Drug abuse is defined as use of a drug in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug causes
problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring.
True False
34. Deviant drug use is defined as use of a drug in greater amounts or for other purposes than intended by a
prescribing physician.
True False
35. The best information we have about which illicit drugs are most widely used comes from police arrest
reports.
True False
36. Changes in rates of marijuana use by high school seniors over the years is inversely correlated with
perceptions of the risk of using marijuana (higher perceived risk in years with lower rates of use).
True False
37. It appears that the highest rates of use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs in the United States
occurred from about 1979-1980.
True False
38. Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.
True False
39. Impulsivity is one personality factor that is associated with higher rates of substance abuse and
dependence.
True False
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The questions who, what, why, when, where, how, and how much were introduced as a way to
A. understand the dependence potential of a drug.
B. help us evaluate whether a particular type of drug use is a problem.
C. determine the toxicity of a drug.
D. track arrest data for drug law violations.
2. If a substance is consistently used in particular kinds of situations (e.g., at parties, as opposed to when one
is alone), it can help us to understand
A. the amount of the substance being used.
B. the type of substance being used.
C. why the substance is being used.
D. who is using the substance.
3. Methamphetamine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, and glue sniffing were given as examples of media reports
on
A. the "drug du jour."
B. laissez-faire.
C. drugs that are always bad drugs.
D. drug use by celebrities.
4. One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that
A. all psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B. most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C. every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D. drugs, per se, are not good or bad.
5. One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that "every drug has ____________."
A. effects on the heart
B. impurities
C. multiple effects
D. a key to some part of the mind
6. One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that "the effect of any psychoactive drug depends
on ___________________."
A. the individual's history and expectations
B. its legal status
C. the user's diet
D. the user's unique brain chemistry
7. The use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug causes problems or greatly
increases the chances of problems occurring is
A. addiction.
B. dependence.
C. abuse.
D. deviance.
8. Drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority, causing
members of a group to take corrective action when it occurs, is
A. deviant drug use.
B. drug misuse.
C. drug abuse.
D. illicit drug abuse.
,9. A drug that is unlawful to possess or use is defined in the text as
A. an illicit drug.
B. a narcotic.
C. an addictive drug.
D. an abused drug.
10. Drugs have played a significant role in human society
A. for about the past 100 years.
B. only since the 1960s.
C. for thousands of years.
D. only in Europe and North America.
11. In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types
of infections laid the foundation for
A. illicit drug markets.
B. our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
C. many dangerous drug interactions.
D. the "war on drugs."
12. Much of our information about rates of drug use come from survey questionnaires. One important
limitation of such questionnaires is
A. the sample sizes are too small.
B. people might not answer honestly.
C. the people who do the studies are biased.
D. they don't ask questions about illicit drugs.
13. Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, they can be especially informative
A. if they are done year after year, because we can then look for changes over time.
B. about use among those who are not included in the survey.
C. about alcohol use, because it is not illegal.
D. about misuse of prescription drugs.
14. Among college students, fewer than one-fourth have ever tried
A. alcohol.
B. cigarettes.
C. marijuana.
D. hallucinogens.
15. Based on two different large annual surveys, it appears that the percentage of young people reporting
current marijuana use
A. is at its highest point since the studies began over 30 years ago.
B. is about half the percentage reporting current use in the late 1970s.
C. has increased substantially during the past decade.
D. is about 65 percent.
16. When we examine changes over the years in the percentage of high school seniors who say they have
smoked marijuana, we find a clear inverse (mirror-image) relationship to
A. alcohol use.
B. perceived availability of marijuana.
C. perceived risk of harm in using marijuana.
D. the nation's economy.
17. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that, in about 1980,
A. cocaine use was just beginning to increase.
B. alcohol use was low and marijuana use was high.
C. rates of using cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana were all about the same as in 2000.
D. rates of using alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs reached their highest points, and all are now
lower than in 1980.
,18. Attitudes, family characteristics, and other factors that are correlated with higher rates of drug use are
known as
A. causal factors.
B. drug profiles.
C. risk factors.
D. weaknesses.
19. Attitudes, family characteristics, and other factors that are correlated with lower rates of drug use are
known as
A. antecedents.
B. gender and age.
C. deviates.
D. protective factors.
20. One of the most important risk factors for drug use is
A. having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B. being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C. having lots of money.
D. believing that your parents are a source of social support.
21. One of the most important protective factors for drug use is
A. having to work for your spending money.
B. having been punished for fighting.
C. knowing adults who use drugs.
D. believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.
22. One very consistent finding is that students who report ______________________ are less likely to
smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug.
A. having high self-esteem
B. being well-off financially
C. having more involvement with religion
D. having lots of friends
23. According to results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which of these ethnic groups
reports the highest rate of use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana?
A. white
B. African American
C. Hispanic
D. Asian
24. Compared to young adults who finished high school only, those with college degrees
A. are more likely to use cocaine.
B. are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco.
C. are more likely to smoke marijuana.
D. report similar rates of use of most substances.
25. One personality variable that has been consistently associated with higher rates of substance dependence
is
A. low self-esteem.
B. extraversion.
C. high impulsivity.
D. passivity.
26. An example of a longitudinal study of drug use would be
A. surveying high-school seniors every year.
B. following each individual throughout the entire day.
C. sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D. following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.
, 27. Comparing adolescents who smoke cigarettes with those who do not and then looking at later adoption of
marijuana use, cigarette smokers are about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana. For this
reason, cigarettes have been referred to as
A. addicting.
B. a gateway substance.
C. toxic.
D. a correlate.
28. Some drugs have the effect that, every time you take the drug, you increase slightly the probability that
you will take it again. This process is referred to as
A. reinforcement.
B. altered perception.
C. deviant drug use.
D. drug misuse.
29. Which type of factor probably plays a bigger role in determining whether a person will try a drug in the
first place, as opposed to determining which of those who try it will become dependent?
A. genetics
B. personality
C. individual reaction to the drug
D. social
30. We can get an idea of why someone is using a drug by examining when and where he or she uses it.
True False
31. There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.
True False
32. Every drug has multiple effects.
True False
33. Drug abuse is defined as use of a drug in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug causes
problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring.
True False
34. Deviant drug use is defined as use of a drug in greater amounts or for other purposes than intended by a
prescribing physician.
True False
35. The best information we have about which illicit drugs are most widely used comes from police arrest
reports.
True False
36. Changes in rates of marijuana use by high school seniors over the years is inversely correlated with
perceptions of the risk of using marijuana (higher perceived risk in years with lower rates of use).
True False
37. It appears that the highest rates of use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs in the United States
occurred from about 1979-1980.
True False
38. Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.
True False
39. Impulsivity is one personality factor that is associated with higher rates of substance abuse and
dependence.
True False
