A&P 1 Exam 2 Study Guide complete 2023

A&P 1 Exam 2 Study Guide complete 2023 A&P Exam 2 Study Guide: 1. Integumentary system a. The integument is made up of 2 parts: i. 1. Cutaneous membrane (skin) ii. 2. Accessory structures iii. The largest organ in the body iv. 16% of body weight 2. cutaneous membrane a. Outer epidermis: superficial epithelium (epithelial tissues) b. Inner demis: Connective tissues 3. subcutaneous layer a. Subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia or hypodermis): loose connective tissue, below the dermis, location of hypodermic injections 4. skin functions a. Protects underlying tissues and organs b. Excretes salts, water, and organic wastes (glands) c. Maintains body temperature (insulation and evaporation) d. Synthesizes vitamin D3 e. Stores lipids f. Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature 5. epidermis layers – 5 in detail- avascular, thin skin 4 layers over most of the body with hair, thick skin 5 layers with no hair on palms and soles - From basal lamina to free surface: - Stratum germinativum (basale) - Stratum spinosum - Stratum granulosum - Stratum lucidum - Stratum corneum Stratum Germinativum (basale): - The “germinative layer”: - Has many germinative (stem) cells or basal cells - Is attached to basal lamina by hemidesmosomes - Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis - Structures of Stratum Germinativum - Epidermal ridges (ex. fingerprints) - Dermal papillae (tiny mounds): - Increase the area of basal lamina - Strengthen attachment between epidermis and dermis - Fingerprint ridges - Cells of Stratum Germinativum - Merkel cells: - Found in hairless skin