HUMAN ANATOMY (THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GUARANTEED) 100% VERIFIED UPDATED VERSION

HUMAN ANATOMY (THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GUARANTEED) 100% VERIFIED UPDATED VERSION 1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES Open the Human Anatomy Atlas app, choose Views from the top menu, and select Systems from the submenu. Then, scroll down to the Respiratory System Views. You are responsible for the identification of all bold terms. A. Select Respiratory System View 1. Upper Respiratory System. In the system tray on the left side of the screen, deselect the integumentary system icon to remove the skin and hair from the view. Rotate the view as needed to examine the upper respiratory system structures and note where they are located. Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Hyoid bone Thyrohyoid membrane Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Trachea Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx 1.What structures comprise the upper respiratory system, from superior to inferior? Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx 2. Select the nasal cavity and use the book icon to read about it. What are the structures and functions of the nasal cavity? They open in the front through the nares. On the lateral wall are the superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae. The nasal cavity is home to lubricating mucus that helps to trap unwanted particles from inhaled air. 3. Examine the structure of the pharynx. What are the 3 parts of the pharynx, from superior to inferior? Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. 4. Examine the structure of the larynx. a.Select the thyroid cartilage and use the book icon to read about it. What is the function of this cartilage and the other laryngeal cartilages? Serves as the attachment point for several muscles and ligaments and protects the vocal cords b.To examine the epiglottis, you must first individually select and hide the thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyoid membrane. Then, select the epiglottis and use the book icon to read about it. What is the composition and function of the epiglottis? The composition is cartilage. During swallowing muscles pull it down to close the entry to the larynx and prevent food from entering the trachea. B. Select Respiratory System View 7. Location of the Lungs. In the system tray on the left side of the screen, deselect the skeletal system icon to remove the thoracic cage and other skeletal structures from the view. Rotate the view as needed to examine the lower respiratory system structures and note where they are located. Trachea Tracheal rings Left bronchus Right bronchus Left lung Right lung Right superior lobe Left superior lobe Right main bronchus Right middle lobe Right hilum of lung Left main bronchus Left hilum of the lung Right inferior lobe Left inferior lobe Left primary bronchus Left secondary bronchi Left tertiary bronchi 1.What structures comprise the lower respiratory system, from superior to inferior? The larynx below the vocal folds, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. 2. Select the trachea and use the book icon to read about it. What is the structure and function of the trachea and the tracheal rings? Trachea is made of a mucous membrane and an elastic fibrous membrane. It is the major airway of the lower respiratory system. Tracheal rings are composed of hyaline cartilage and provide structural support that keeps the airway open. 3.In the system tray on the left side of the screen, deselect all the blue system icons except respiratory. Then, select and hide one of the lungs. Examine the bronchi. a.In terms of size and structure, what is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi? Primary is the largest, then secondary, then tertiary. The Primary bronchi is the most supported by cartilage, then secondary, then tertiary. b.What are the tiny structures that appear at the ends of the tertiary bronchi, and what is their function? Alveoli, they exchange the gasses in the lungs 4. In the system tray on the left side of the screen, deselect and select the respiratory system icon to refresh the respiratory structures in the view, and examine the lungs. a.What differences do you notice between the left and right lungs? The shapes are different, as well as the amount of segmentation. b.What are the lines on the surface of the lungs called? Fissures c. On the medial aspect of the lungs, what is the name of the region where the bronchi enter the lung? What else enters the lung via this region? The root (hilum) of the lung, blood enters through here as well. IN-LAB EXERCISES Open the Human Anatomy Atlas app, choose Views from the top menu, and select Systems from the submenu. Then, scroll down to the Respiratory System Views. You are responsible for the identification of all bold terms. A. Select Respiratory System View 1. Upper Respiratory System. 1.Select the nasal cavity and use the book icon to read about it. Besides serving as a passageway for air to enter the body, what are 3 functions of the nasal cavity? Helps keep nose moist to prevent nosebleeds, hair filters out dirt and dust, and warms air entering the body. 2. With the nasal cavity selected, use the Fade button. Notice the folds of tissue protruding from the internal lateral walls of the nasal cavity. a.What are these folds of bone covered with mucous membranes called? conchae b.What is their function? They shape the passageway for air inside of the cavity. 3. In the pictures below, compare the nasal conchae (turbinates) of a dog (top) versus those of a human ( bottom ). Left superior lobe Ethmoid sinuses Nasal conchae (turbinates) Right maxillary sinus Nasal cavity Why do you suppose the nasal conchae of the dog are much larger and more extensive than those of the human? Perhaps it’s because dogs rely on their sense of smell more than a human? a.What are these chambers called? Paranasal sinuses b.Select the book icon. What 4 bones contain paranasal sinuses? Frontal bone, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid c. What are the functions of these sinuses? Resonating chambers for speech, and moistens and warms incoming air. Frontal bone Frontal sinuses Ethmoid sinuses Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Right maxillary bone Maxillary sinus 4. Select the large cubic-shaped chambers located on either side of the nasal cavity. B. Select Respiratory System View 2. Nasal Cavity. Rotate the view as needed to observe the nasal cavity and nasal conchae. 1.Rotate to a lateral or posterior view. a.Identify and select the nasopharynx. Find and select the 2 other sections of the pharynx. What are they called? Oropharynx and laryngopharynx. b.What is the name of the tube that exits superolaterally from the nasopharynx? Eustachian tube c. What is the function of this tube? Equalizing pressure of the middle ear with the outside pressure. 2.Rotate back to the anterior view. a.What is the name of the bone located anterior to the laryngopharynx? Nasal cavity Right eustachian tube (auditory) Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hyoid bone Laryngopharynx Hyoid bone b.What is the function of this bone and what makes it unique and different from all the other bones in the body? Does not articulate with any other bone, and it provides an anchor point for the muscles of the tongue, mouth, larynx, epiglottis, and the pharynx. C. Select Respiratory System View 6. Laryngeal Muscles. Observe the various cartilages and membranes located below the hyoid bone. 1.Select the largest cartilage structure of the larynx and use the book icon to read about it and the other laryngeal cartilages. a.What is the group of cartilages and membranes known as? It is known as the laryngeal skeleton b.What is the largest cartilage of the larynx called? The thyroid cartilage c. What is it more colloquially (commonly) known as? The Voice Box d.What is the name of the membrane between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage