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samenvattingen celorganellen - module 2

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samenvattingen celorganellen - module 2

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July 10, 2023
Number of pages
15
Written in
2022/2023
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Module 2: celorganellen en structuren




+ pili en flagellum!!

Prokaryoten (bacteriën en archaea)

- primitiever dan eukaryoten → maar niet minder geëvolueerd
- extreme situaties
- Grotere stofuitwisselingscapaciteit → snellere groei
- Eencellig
- Haplöid ➔ genotype bepaalt rechtstreeks fenotype ➔ mutaties sneller opmerkbaar
- Circulair DNA + plasmide
- Gekoppelde transcriptie en translatie (cytoplasma)
o mRNA gevormd door RNA polymerase uit het DNA (transcriptie)
o onmiddellijk ribosomen op mRNA die opzetten naar eiwitten (translatie)
- transertie: eiwit in het membraan zorgt voor in-en export van bepaalde stoffen, wanneer er iets door het membraan getransporteerd wordt, trekt het eiwit heel
het systeem mee, waardoor het DNA verder uit elkaar komt te liggen en meer toegankelijk wordt
→ lokaliseren van DNA/RNA bij mebraaneiwitten
- verticale gentransfer (aseksueel)
- horizontale/laterale gentransfer
o conjugatie
o transductie
o transformatie

, Gram – positive Gram- negative




-plasmamembraan - Plasmamembraan
-celwand ➔ bevat peptidoglycaan - celwand
- peptidoglycaan
- buiten membraan met poriën en lipopolysachariden
→ Dikke celwand van peptidoglycaan → Dunne celwand van peptidoglycaan en nog een laag van buiten membraan
Tegenhouden van turgordruk en bescherming


Flagellum




- holle tube (hook) door celmembraan en celwand
- filament → opgebouwd uit eiwitten
- motor → door protengradiënt in binnenmembraan (gram negative celwand)

Beweging naar suikers, voedsel toe / beweging naar eicel toe (voortplanting)

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