TNCC 9th Edition 2023 with complete solution
What are the greatest risks for transport?
Loss of airway patency, displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting
devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status change in
vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force?
Neither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore
when mass is doubled so is the net energy, however, when velocity is doubled energy is
quadrupled.
What is tension?
stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression?
Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending?
Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the person is bending
toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing?
Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts in opposite directions at
the same time.
What is torsion?
Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading?
Any combination of tension compression torsion bending and/or shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries?
Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas?
The point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues
ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory
of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle
accidents?
Up and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence.
The first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second
impact occurs after the initial impact when the occupant continues to move in the
original direction of travel until they collide with the interior of the vehicle or meet
resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within the body
cavity.
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating
trauma's?
The point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas?
, The direct blast effects. Types of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture
and middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture, mild
Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas?
Projectiles propelled by the explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I
penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas?
Results from individuals being thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial
body translocation from being thrown against a hard service: blunt or penetrating
trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas?
All explosion related injuries, illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three
mechanisms. Injuries include external and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and
open brain injuries, asthmatic or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes,
angina, or hyper glycemia and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas?
Those associated with exposure to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or
chemical components of a blast. Injuries include a variety of health effects depending on
agent.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and
blood stream
Ventilation: the active mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs; diffusion:
the passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration; and perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a
delivery medium of oxygen to the entire body.
When would you use a nasopharyngeal airway versus an oral pharyngeal airway?
Nasopharyngeal airways is contraindicated in patients with facial trauma or a suspected
basilar skull fracture. Oral pharyngeal airways is used in unresponsive patients unable
to maintain their airway, without a gag reflex as a temporary measure to facilitate
ventilation with a bag mask device or spontaneous ventilation until the patient can be
intubated.
Describe the measurement of an NPA
Measure from the tip of the patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
Measurement of an OPA
Place the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at the corner of the mouth to the
tip of the mandibular angle.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways.
False. When placing one of these? One should consider the potential need for a
definitive airway.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement
Placement of a CO2 monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and
listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal breath sounds.
When capnography measurement reads greater than 45MMHG, the nurse should
consider increasing or decreasing the ventilation rate?
Increasing the ventilation rate. Doing so would allow the patient to blow off retained
CO2.
What are the greatest risks for transport?
Loss of airway patency, displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting
devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status change in
vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force?
Neither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore
when mass is doubled so is the net energy, however, when velocity is doubled energy is
quadrupled.
What is tension?
stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression?
Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending?
Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the person is bending
toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing?
Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts in opposite directions at
the same time.
What is torsion?
Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading?
Any combination of tension compression torsion bending and/or shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries?
Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas?
The point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues
ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory
of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle
accidents?
Up and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence.
The first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second
impact occurs after the initial impact when the occupant continues to move in the
original direction of travel until they collide with the interior of the vehicle or meet
resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within the body
cavity.
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating
trauma's?
The point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas?
, The direct blast effects. Types of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture
and middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture, mild
Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas?
Projectiles propelled by the explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I
penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas?
Results from individuals being thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial
body translocation from being thrown against a hard service: blunt or penetrating
trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas?
All explosion related injuries, illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three
mechanisms. Injuries include external and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and
open brain injuries, asthmatic or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes,
angina, or hyper glycemia and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas?
Those associated with exposure to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or
chemical components of a blast. Injuries include a variety of health effects depending on
agent.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and
blood stream
Ventilation: the active mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs; diffusion:
the passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration; and perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a
delivery medium of oxygen to the entire body.
When would you use a nasopharyngeal airway versus an oral pharyngeal airway?
Nasopharyngeal airways is contraindicated in patients with facial trauma or a suspected
basilar skull fracture. Oral pharyngeal airways is used in unresponsive patients unable
to maintain their airway, without a gag reflex as a temporary measure to facilitate
ventilation with a bag mask device or spontaneous ventilation until the patient can be
intubated.
Describe the measurement of an NPA
Measure from the tip of the patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
Measurement of an OPA
Place the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at the corner of the mouth to the
tip of the mandibular angle.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways.
False. When placing one of these? One should consider the potential need for a
definitive airway.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement
Placement of a CO2 monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and
listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal breath sounds.
When capnography measurement reads greater than 45MMHG, the nurse should
consider increasing or decreasing the ventilation rate?
Increasing the ventilation rate. Doing so would allow the patient to blow off retained
CO2.
