Cardiology boards ABIM Questions and Answers|100% Verified

Cardiology boards ABIM Questions and Answers|100% Verified Normals for PA catheter pressures - CORRECT ANSWER RA 7, RV 30/7, PCWP 3-11 PA cath findings in tamponade or constrictive pericarditis - CORRECT ANSWER Diastolic pressures elevated and equalized in all chambers, low BP, tachycardia, interventricular dependence (septal bounce) PA cath findings in cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated PCWP, RA pressure, and decreased SBP/cardiac output PA cath findings in mitral stenosis with RV failure - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated RA, PA (very elevated), PCWP, nl SBP PA cath findings in pulmonary HTN - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated PA, RA pressures, nl PCWP, SBP Pulsus paradoxus - CORRECT ANSWER decrease in systolic BP of more than 10mmHg with normal inspiration; palpated as weakened pulse with inspiration along with more heart contractions to pulse beats What conditions give you pulsus paradoxus? - CORRECT ANSWER Constrictive or restrictive pericarditis, asthma, tension pneumothorax What gives you pulsus bisferiens (two systolic peaks per cycle) - CORRECT ANSWER Aortic regurgitation, HOCM What causes pulsus alternans? - CORRECT ANSWER Severe LV dysfunction What causes pulsus tardus et parvus? - CORRECT ANSWER Late and weak; Aortic stenosis How do positional maneuvers affect blood flow and murmurs? a) Standing/Valsalva b) Squatting/Lying down c) Sustained handgrip - CORRECT ANSWER -standing/valsalva - decreased cardiac filling, decreases most murmurs except MVP and HOCM -squatting/ lying down - increase cardiac volume, increased murmurs except MVP, HOCM -sustained handgrip - increases systemic resistance, decreases murmur in HOCM, AS What are the stages of the Valsalva maneuver? - CORRECT ANSWER -Phase one is the onset of straining with increased intrathoracic pressure. The heart rate does not change but blood pressure rises. -Phase two is marked by the decreased venous return and consequent reduction of stroke volume and pulse pressure as straining continues. The heart rate increases and blood pressure drops. -Phase three is the release of straining with decreased intrathoracic pressure and normalization of pulmonary blood flow. -Phase four marks the blood pressure overshoot (in the normal heart) with return of the heart rate to baseline.