EPPP Study Guide 2023 with Complete Solutions

repression - ANSWER-the most basic defense mechanism that underlies all others procedures of analysis (psychoanalysis) - ANSWER-confrontation, clarification, interpretation, working through archetypes - ANSWER-universal mental structures that predispose people to react to certain external circumstances in specific ways object constancy development (Mahler) - ANSWER-normal autistic, normal symbiotic, separation-individuation Karen Horney - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; suggested that children adopt interpersonal coping strategies (moving toward, against, or away from others) to defend against basic anxiety Harry Stack Sullivan - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; emphasized social and interpersonal relationships; identified three models of cognitive experience that develop sequentially in infancy (prototaxic mode, parataxic mode, syntaxic mode) Erich Fromm - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; identified five character styles that a person may adopt in response to the demands of society (receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive) ego-analysists - ANSWER-placed greater emphasis on current experience and helping clients build more adaptive ego defenses; include Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, David Rappaport, and Heinz Hartmann Fritz Perls - ANSWER-Gestalt therapy (integrates concepts from psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and Gestalt psychology); assumes that behavior is motivated by a striving for homeostasis Gestalt therapy boundary disturbances - ANSWER-introjection, projection, retroflection, deflection, confluence William Glasser - ANSWER-Reality Therapy; based on choice theory and the idea that five basic needs motivates a person's choices (love and belonging, power, fun, freedom, and survival); stages summarized by WDEP (wants, doing/direction, engage/evaluate, positive plans) self-instructional training steps (Meichenbaum and Goodman) - ANSWER-cognitive modeling, overt external guidance, overt self-guidance, faded overt self-guidance, covert self-instruction stress inoculation training phases (Meichenbaum) - ANSWER-conceptualization, skills acquisition, application and follow-through EMG biofeedback - ANSWER-muscle tension; good for tension headaches, chronic pain, incontinence, and motor impairment due to CNS dysfunction EEG biofeedback - ANSWER-brain wave activity; good for depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, seizures, chronic pain, and facilitating recovery for strokes and head injuries thermal biofeedback - ANSWER-skin temperature; good for Raynaud's disease and migraine headaches, especially when combined with autogenic training Bowen - ANSWER-extended family systems therapy (also known as multigenerational family therapy) with goal of helping each family member become more differentiated while remaining connected to other family members Minuchin - ANSWER-structural family therapy with goal to restructure the family so it's better able to respond to stress; includes triangulation, detouring, and coalition structural family therapy stages - ANSWER-joining, formulation, restructuring; techniques include enactment, reframing, boundary marking, and unbalancing Haley - ANSWER-strategic family therapy focuses on using strategies to resolve a family's presenting families; direct and indirect directives, including reframing and paradoxical interventions Milan systemic family therapy - ANSWER-Mara Selvini Palazzoli assumed that problematic behaviors of family members involve repetitive behavior interactions (games) that maintain the family's state of homeostasis Lazarus - ANSWER-multimodal therapy; primarily based on social-cognitive learning theory and assesses seven modalities (BASIC ID) multimodal therapy modalities - ANSWER-behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships, and drugs/diet/exercise Klerman and Weissman - ANSWER-IPT; used to treat depression, social anxiety, PTSD, and bulimia and has roots in Bowlby's attachment theory and interpersonal psychodynamic approaches of Meyer and Stack Sullivan