NPTE Neuro study guide 2023

NPTE Neuro study guide 2023 somatosensory receptors - provide information about touch, pain, pressure, temperature, and the position of muscles and limbs Proprioceptive and tactile input from - knees ankles hips neck challenge the somatosensory system by - changing the surface they are standing on vestibular system - three semicircular canals that provide the sense of balance, located in the inner ear and connected to the brain by a nerve -feedback regarding position of head Dix-Hallpike maneuver - Rapidly moving the pt from a sitting position to the supine position with the head turned 45 degrees to the Right. After waiting apx. 20-30 sec, the pt is returned to the sitting position. If no Nystagmus is observed, the procedure is then repeated on the Left side. Vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) - head/eye movement coordination vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) - helps while the head is moving along with coordination of the trunk during hip strategy - hips move in opposite direction of head suspensions strategy - knee flexion, squatting, crouching maximum score of Berg Balance test - 56 Fugl-Meyer Assessment - used to measure balance following CVA max score: 14 functional reach 20-40 years - 17 inches functional reach 41-69 years - 15 inches functional reach 70-87 years - 13.5 inches TUG test 20 seconds - limited in functional independence TUG test 10 seconds - normal TUG test 30 seconds - high fall risk Tinetti maximum score - 28 Berg Balnce uses ____ point scale - 5 (0-4) postural stability - ability to control the COG in relationship to the BOS small anterior perturbation elicits - PF Agnosia - inability to interpret information dysarthria - slurred speech hemisphere most dominant in language - Left neologism - substitution within a word that is so severe it makes the word unrecognizable conduction aphasia - speech interruption due to difficulty finding words Alexia - inability to read Broca's area - An area in the left cerebral hemisphere that serves as the motor area for speech apraxia - inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage. cranial nerve 1 - Olfactory (smell) cranial nerve 2 - Optic - vision cranial nerve 3 - Oculomotor (eye movement) cranial nerve 4 - Trochlear (eye movement down & in) crossed eyes cranial nerve 5 - Trigeminal (face sensation & jaw) cranial nerve 6 - Abducens (eye abduction movement) cranial nerve 7 - Facial (close eyes tight, smile with teeth showing, whistle, tastes) cranial nerve 8 - Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance) cranial nerve 9 - Glossopharyngeal (swallow & gag reflex) cranial nerve 10 - Vagus (swallow, gag and say "ahhh") cranial nerve 11 - accessory (shoulder shrug) cranial nerve 12 - Hypoglossal (tongue movement) Afferent (sensory) cranial nerves only - 1, 2, 8 (smell, sight & hearing) Efferent (motor) cranial nerves only - 3, 4, 6, 11, 12 anosmia - absence of the sense of smell Homonymous hemianopsia could be associated with a lesion involving cranial nerve - 2 rinne test - hearing test using a tuning fork; checks for differences in bone conduction and air conduction 1:2 bone to air ratio The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are the - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. cranial nerve that exits the pons - trigeminal which cranial nerve is affected with nystagmus - 8 axillary nerve used as point of reference when - naming cords of brachial plexus passing through the 2 heads of the pronator teres - At which of the following sites might the median nerve be compressed long thoracic, serratus anterior - Paralysis of which nerve gives rise to scapular winging adductor longus is innervated by - anterior division of the obturator nerve suprascapular - which nerve does not have a connection from all three trunks of the brachial plexus anterior horn - motor/efferent posterior horn - sensory/afferent motor control - the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement Continues...