Unit 14 Assignment D

MAKING DESIGNER CHEMICALS




Unit 14 Assignment D
UNIT 14 APPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

,24/02/2023



Table of Contents
INVESTIGATING CHLORINATION OF 2-METHYLPROPAN-2-OL...............................................................2
Aim....................................................................................................................................................2
Information........................................................................................................................................2
Apparatus..........................................................................................................................................3
Risk assessment.................................................................................................................................4
Procedure..........................................................................................................................................4
Results...............................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................6
Evaluation..........................................................................................................................................6
NITRATION OF METHYL BENZOATE.......................................................................................................7
Aim....................................................................................................................................................7
Information........................................................................................................................................7
Apparatus..........................................................................................................................................8
Risk assessment.................................................................................................................................9
Procedure..........................................................................................................................................9
Results.............................................................................................................................................10
Percentage yield..........................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................10
Evaluation........................................................................................................................................11
PREPARATION OF AN ESTER (ETHYL ETHANOATE)..............................................................................12
Aim..................................................................................................................................................12
Information......................................................................................................................................12
Apparatus........................................................................................................................................14
Risk assessment...............................................................................................................................15
Procedure........................................................................................................................................15
Results.............................................................................................................................................16
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................17
Evaluation........................................................................................................................................19
References...........................................................................................................................................20




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INVESTIGATING CHLORINATION OF 2-METHYLPROPAN-
2-OL
Aim

To produce and purify a sample of 2-clhloro-2-methypropane.

Information

The following is the equation for the reaction between 2-methypropan-2-ol
and hydrochloric acid:

(CH3)3COH + HCL (CH3)3CCL +
H2O

Here’s the following mechanism of halogenation of an alcohol:

In step one because of the oxonium ion from the acid the alcohol is
protonated. Which is than attacked by a nucleophilic attack by the
chlorine ion on the carbon C-O bond (step 2). And in step 3 the chlorine
bonds to the carbon chain to form a chloro-alkane.




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Apparatus

 250 cm3 conical flask with bung
 100 cm3 separating funnel with bung
 250 cm3 beaker
 Filter funnel to fit separating funnel
 Apparatus for distillation with 50 cm3 pear-shaped flask
 Thermometer that is able to read up to 100ᵒC
 25 cm3 and 100 cm3 measuring cylinders
 10 cm3 of 2-methylpropan-2-ol
 35 cm3 of Concentrated hydrochloric acid
 0.1 mol/dm3 sodium hydrogencarbonates solution

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