NURSING DL-F Applied Nursing Research: Quiz 1, Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Graded A)

NURSING DL-F Applied Nursing Research: Quiz 1, Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Graded A). Which is a major barrier to evidence-based practice in nursing? Selected Answer: C. The absence of sufficient skills, among many nurses, for locating and critically evaluating nursing studies Answers: A. The abundance of clients for whom EBP is not relevant. B. The unfamiliarity of most nurses with the concept of evidencebased practice C. The absence of sufficient skills, among many nurses, for locating and critically evaluating nursing studies D. The absence of a relevant evidence hierarchy for most nursing studies Response Feedback: Studies that have explored barriers to evidence-based practice have been done in numerous countries and findings have consistently shown that barriers tend to fall into one of three categories: (1) quality and nature of the research, (2) characteristics of nurses, and (3) organizational factors. With regard to nurses’ characteristics, many nurses do not have the training to access and appraise relevant research evidence that could be used in their practice.  Question 2 10 out of 10 points A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: “Does a waterless alcohol hand sanitizer reduce microbial counts on nurses’ hands in neonatal intensive care units?” In this question, which of the PICO components is microbial counts? Selected Answer: C. Outcome Answers: A. Population B. Comparator C. Outcome D. Intervention or influence Response Feedback: The “O” component (outcome) in this question is microbial counts on nurses’ hands. The waterless alcohol hand sanitizer is the “I” component (intervention). The population is nurses working in NICUs. In this question, there is no comparator (“C” component).  Question 3 10 out of 10 points Several resources support evidence-based practice including metasyntheses. What is a metasynthesis? Selected Answer: C. A systematic integration of qualitative research findings Answers: A. A synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations for clinical decision making B. A guideline that offers a set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms C. A systematic integration of qualitative research findings D. A systematic review that integrates quantitative findings statistically Response Feedback: Systematic reviews can involve methods that integrate quantitative findings statistically (meta-analysis) or methods that integrate narrative, qualitative data (metasyntheses). Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines combine a synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations for clinical decision making. Care bundles encompass a set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms.  Question 4 10 out of 10 points One criticism of the scientific method is that it is: Selected Answer: A. reductionis t. Answers: A. reductionis t. B. determinist ic. C. deductive. D. empirical. Response Feedback: Researchers who reject the traditional scientific method believe that it is overly reductionist in that the method reduces human experience to the few concepts under investigation. Moreover, those concepts are defined in advance by the researcher rather than emerging from the experiences of the people under study.  Question 5 10 out of 10 points A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: “During the bathing of preterm infants, what behaviors of nurses reduce infant stress?” In this question, which of the PICO components is infant stress? Selected Answer: C. Outcome Answers: A. Intervention or influence B. Comparator C. Outcome D. Population Response Feedback: In this question, infant stress is the outcome of interest (the “O” component). The “P” component (population) is nurses caring for preterm infants. The intervention or influence is various nursing behaviors during bathing—the factors that could affect infant stress. In this question, there is no specific comparator.  Question 6 10 out of 10 points After locating research findings relevant to a clinical question, the evidence must be appraised. Which is a primary consideration in the appraisal process? Selected Answer: D. The quality, validity, and credibility of the evidence Answers: A. The number of relevant studies addressing the clinical question B. The credentials of the researchers who undertook key studies C. The prestige of the journal in which the findings were published D. The quality, validity, and credibility of the evidence Response Feedback: Evidence quality is central to coming to conclusions about whether relevant evidence can be used in practice settings. No matter who conducted a study, in which journal a study was published, or how many studies have been undertaken, the evidence must be sufficiently rigorous to be used by clinicians.  Question 7 10 out of 10 points What is a central assumption of the constructivist paradigm? Selected Answer: D. Reality is not fixed; it is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans. Answers: A. Values and biases can and should be held in check in studying the real world. B. Phenomena are not haphazard and result from prior causes. C. Objective reality and natural phenomena are regular and orderly. D. Reality is not fixed; it is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans. Response Feedback: In the constructivist (naturalistic) paradigm, in contrast to the positivist paradigm, it is assumed that reality is not fixed but is rather a construction of human minds; thus, “truth” is a composite of multiple constructions of reality.  Question 8 10 out of 10 points A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: “Does a static air overlay mattress reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers among high risk clients?” In this question, which of the PICO components is high-risk clients? Selected Answer: A. Population Answers: A. Population B. Comparator C. Outcome D. Intervention or influence Response Feedback: The “P” component (population) in this question is clients at high risk of pressure ulcers. The mattress is the “I” component (intervention). The outcome is incidence of pressure ulcers. In this question, there is no comparator (“C” component).  Question 9 10 out of 10 points What does the process of deductive reasoning entail? Selected Answer: A. Developing specific predictions from general principles or theories Answers: A. Developing specific predictions from general principles or theories B. Forming generalizations from specific observations C. Drawing conclusions based on trial and error D. Verifying assumptions that are part of our heritage Response Feedback: Inductive reasoning is the process of developing generalizations from specific observations. Deductive reasoning is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles. Logical reasoning does not involve the verification of assumptions about tradition nor coming to conclusions based on trial and error.  Question 10 10 out of 10 points Which is a characteristic of the traditional scientific method? Selected Answer: B. Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena Answers: A. Inductive reasoning B. Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena C. A flexible, emergent design D. Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context Response Feedback: The scientific method refers to a set of orderly, disciplined procedures used to acquire information, and this includes the systematic measurement (quantification) of natural phenomena. By systematic, the investigator gathers quantified data (measurements) in a pre-planned manner, using methods that are consistent across study participants. Constructivist researchers tend to emphasize the dynamic, holistic, and individual aspects of human life and attempt to capture those aspects in their entirety, within the context of those who are experiencing them. Tuesday, September 4, 2018 5:55:50 PM EDT Question 1 10 out of 10 points For individual-level efforts at putting research into practice, nurses follow five major steps. Which step is first in the process? Selected Answer: A. Framing a clinical question that can be answered with research evidence Answers: A. Framing a clinical question that can be answered with research evidence B. Integrating evidence with other factors such as client preferences C. Appraising and synthesizing the evidence D. Searching for and obtaining relevant research evidence Response Feedback: Individual nurses can put research into practice using five basic steps, in this order: (1) framing a clinical question for which research evidence is relevant, (2) searching for and retrieving relevant research evidence, (3) appraising and synthesizing the evidence, (4) integrating evidence with other factors, and (5) assessing effectiveness. Question 2 10 out of 10 points In the United States, in what area does research play an important role for nursing? Selected Answer: D. Credentialing and status of nursing Answers: A. Nurses’ salaries B. Nurses’ opportunities for practicing internationally C. Nurses’ education D. Credentialing and status of nursing Response Feedback: In the United States, research plays an important role in nursing in terms of credentialing and status. In particular, research and efforts to promote evidence-based practice are key elements of the Magnet recognition program. Changes to nursing practice now occur regularly because of EBP efforts, and these efforts enhance the status of the profession. Question 3 10 out of 10 points Which is a limitation of the scientific method for answering questions about human experiences and health? Selected Answer: A. The difficulty of accurately measuring complex human traits Answers: A. The difficulty of accurately measuring complex human traits B. The inability to control potential biases C. The necessity of departing from traditional beliefs D. The shortage of theories about human behavior Response Feedback: One important limitation of the scientific method for studying human beings is that they are highly complex and individualistic. Human characteristics are extremely difficult to measure (quantify) in an accurate, valid, and objective manner. Question 4 10 out of 10 points What does the process of deductive reasoning entail?