Ruminant physical exam 2022 with complete solution
What are the 6 steps for an examination on cattle
1. patient data form
2. history
3. environment
4. gross examination- from a distance
5. systematic physical examination
6. detailed physical exam using diagnostic tests
What is the number one problem in dairy cattle
mastitis
How can we tell, from a distance, if a cow is sick
their head is down
When does the physical exam begin
before touching the animal
What common illness may infect an entire herd of cattle within a few days
IBR: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
When do we need to modify our approach to a physical exam
if no restraint or animal is fractious
What fever is commonly seen in beef cattle
Chippen fever
How many pounds of grass should cattle eat per day
100 lb/day
How many pounds of hay should cattle eat per day
35 lb/day
How much water should dairy cattle consume per day
30 gallons
Why should we provide UV light to dairy cattle
if it is too light or too dark, they will not produce milk
What is important to note about neighbors when doing a PE
are the neighboring cattle vaccinated and dewormed
When should we observe cattle during a gross examination
when they are at rest
What are we looking for when doing a gross examination of cattle (10)
1. general appearance and conformation
2. behavior
3. facial expression
4. eye appearance
5. body condition
6. skin and hair coat
7. respiratory movements
8. abdomen
9. stance and posture
10. gait
Why is it especially important to look at the eye appearance of light pigmented
cows
, bovine keratoconjunctivitis is common (pink eye)
What side of the cow should we look at if we are observing the rumen
the left side
A healthy cow should have what type of general appearance
symmetrical
When checking a cows size what do we need to compare it to
appropriate for the age/breed
What abnormality may we see in a gross examination of a cows head
parrot mouth: maxilla overextended
What 4 abnormalities may we see in a gross examination of a cows limbs
1. winged elbows
2. post-legged
3. cow-hocked
4. sickle-hocked
What are winged elbows a sign of
dyspnea
What does post-legged mean
legs too straight, no bend in the hocks
What does cow-hocked mean
knees are set inward and hooves point outward
What does sickle-hocked mean
too much ben in the hock
Abnormalities of the limbs may cause what (2)
1. uneven wear on the hooves and can lead to lameness
2. poor traits: can lead to poor value and culling from the herd
What 4 things are we looking at when we check cattle behavior
1. temperament
2. voice
3. vices (bad habits)
4. facial expression
What 4 things are we looking for when we check cattle ingestive behavior
1. prehension
2. mastication
3. swallowing
4. regurgitation
What is the proper elimination from an adult cow a day? urine and feces
feces: 65 lbs/day
urine: 6 lbs/day
How many times a day should an adult cow defecate
10-15 times a day
What should we look for in the appearance of the eye in cattle (4)
1. bright and shiny vs. dull and cloudy
2. position
3. discharge
4. third eyelid
What does the body condition of cattle indicate (3)
What are the 6 steps for an examination on cattle
1. patient data form
2. history
3. environment
4. gross examination- from a distance
5. systematic physical examination
6. detailed physical exam using diagnostic tests
What is the number one problem in dairy cattle
mastitis
How can we tell, from a distance, if a cow is sick
their head is down
When does the physical exam begin
before touching the animal
What common illness may infect an entire herd of cattle within a few days
IBR: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
When do we need to modify our approach to a physical exam
if no restraint or animal is fractious
What fever is commonly seen in beef cattle
Chippen fever
How many pounds of grass should cattle eat per day
100 lb/day
How many pounds of hay should cattle eat per day
35 lb/day
How much water should dairy cattle consume per day
30 gallons
Why should we provide UV light to dairy cattle
if it is too light or too dark, they will not produce milk
What is important to note about neighbors when doing a PE
are the neighboring cattle vaccinated and dewormed
When should we observe cattle during a gross examination
when they are at rest
What are we looking for when doing a gross examination of cattle (10)
1. general appearance and conformation
2. behavior
3. facial expression
4. eye appearance
5. body condition
6. skin and hair coat
7. respiratory movements
8. abdomen
9. stance and posture
10. gait
Why is it especially important to look at the eye appearance of light pigmented
cows
, bovine keratoconjunctivitis is common (pink eye)
What side of the cow should we look at if we are observing the rumen
the left side
A healthy cow should have what type of general appearance
symmetrical
When checking a cows size what do we need to compare it to
appropriate for the age/breed
What abnormality may we see in a gross examination of a cows head
parrot mouth: maxilla overextended
What 4 abnormalities may we see in a gross examination of a cows limbs
1. winged elbows
2. post-legged
3. cow-hocked
4. sickle-hocked
What are winged elbows a sign of
dyspnea
What does post-legged mean
legs too straight, no bend in the hocks
What does cow-hocked mean
knees are set inward and hooves point outward
What does sickle-hocked mean
too much ben in the hock
Abnormalities of the limbs may cause what (2)
1. uneven wear on the hooves and can lead to lameness
2. poor traits: can lead to poor value and culling from the herd
What 4 things are we looking at when we check cattle behavior
1. temperament
2. voice
3. vices (bad habits)
4. facial expression
What 4 things are we looking for when we check cattle ingestive behavior
1. prehension
2. mastication
3. swallowing
4. regurgitation
What is the proper elimination from an adult cow a day? urine and feces
feces: 65 lbs/day
urine: 6 lbs/day
How many times a day should an adult cow defecate
10-15 times a day
What should we look for in the appearance of the eye in cattle (4)
1. bright and shiny vs. dull and cloudy
2. position
3. discharge
4. third eyelid
What does the body condition of cattle indicate (3)
