Orthopedic Certification Test with Complete Solutions

Orthopedic Certification Test with Complete Solutions Cartilage is made of - CORRECT ANSWER collagen and protein Joint Cartilage is made of - CORRECT ANSWER extracellular matrix and chondrocytes Extracellular matrix contains primarily - CORRECT ANSWER type 2, 4, and 6 collagens as well as aggrecan proteoglycans Type 2 collagen is responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER protecting the ends of bone within a joint Aggrecan proteoglycan is mainly responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER retaining water molecules, allowing resistance to effects of strenuous use of the joint Chondrocytes within joint cartilage is responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER the strength and resistance to loading What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER when cartilage becomes damaged it starts to lose elasticity, making it more susceptible to injury. With increasing stress and wear the bone starts to become affected causing thickening of bone and formation of bone spurs and osteophytes. Abnormal bone formations can break loose with cartilage fragments and float within joint space. Debris cause synovium to mount and inflammatory response to break down cartilaginous debris. What does the inflammatory response during degeneration of cartilage increase? - CORRECT ANSWER the breakdown of remaining healthy cartilage, leading to further degeneration Osteoarthritis symptoms: - CORRECT ANSWER pain that is exacerbated with activity and better with rest (early dz), stiffness, swelling, pain and stiffness worse in the morning (no more than 30 min), pain worse with prolong inactivity or weather changes Hip osteoarthritis symptoms: - CORRECT ANSWER pain in low back and groin, limping and knee pain from compensation Knee osteoarthritis symptoms: - CORRECT ANSWER locking, cracking, grinding, "give out" feeling, increasing pain with ascending and descending stairs