Chapter 40: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balances Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition (Questions with correct answers)

Approximately two thirds of the body's total water volume exists in which fluid? correct answers Intracellular What is the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration? correct answers Osmosis The nurse knows that edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right-sided heart failure is facilitated by an imbalance with regard to which pressure? correct answers Hydrostatic. The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift water from which space to which space? correct answers Intracellular to extracellular Which patient is most at risk for sensible water loss? a. A 7-year-old child with asthma. b. A 24-year-old adult with constipation. c. A 56-year-old patient with gastroenteritis. d. An 80-year-old patient with pneumonia. correct answers d. An 80-year-old patient with pneumonia. 6. What is the most abundant cation in the blood? a. Sodium. b. Potassium. c. Chloride. d. Magnesium. correct answers a. Sodium. 7. The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value is of greatest concern? a. Sodium level of 145 mmol/L (145 mEq/L). b. Calcium level of 4.5 mmol/L (17.5 mg/dL). c. Potassium level of 3.5 mmol/L (3.5 mEq/L). d. Chloride level of 100 mmol/L (100 mEq/L). correct answers b. Calcium level of 4.5 mmol/L (17.5 mg/dL). Normal calcium levels range from correct answers 2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L (8.5 mg/dL to 10.5 mg/dL); normal sodium levels range from correct answers 135 to 145 mmol/L (135 to 145 mEq/L) normal potassium levels range from correct answers 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L)