CE 391 Spring 2022 Final Exam Word Bank, CE 391 Final Exam

CE 391 Spring 2022 Final Exam Word Bank, CE 391 Final Exam WEIRS Small dam built across river to control the upstream water level FLUMES Human-made channel for water, in the form of an open decline gravity chute whose walls are raised above the surrounding terrain STAGE DISCHARGE Relationship between the amount of water flowing in a river or stream and stage at any particular point INTERCEPTION The storage and subsequent evaporation of rainfall by above-ground structures THROUGHFALL The process which describes how wet leaves shed excess water onto the ground surface NON-UNIFORM VARIED FLOW Results from gradual or sudden changes in the cross sectional area DEPRESSION STORAGE Small low points in undulating terrain that can store precipitation that otherwise would become runoff TIME OF CONCENTRATION Measure the response of a watershed to a rain event AQUIFER Rock layer that contains water and releases in appreciable amounts GROUNDWATER Water that exists underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW When the water depth or velocity changes abruptly over a short distance and the pressure distribution is not hydrostatic SPECIFIC STORAGE The amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY (K),represents the capacity of a porous medium (such as soil) to transmit water, as per Darcy's Law HYDRAULIC GRADIENT The driving force that causes groundwater to move in the direction of maximum decreasing total head WELL-DRAW DOWN The difference between the pumping water level and the static (non-pumping) water level BAROMETER An instrument used to measure pressure head in a conduit, tank, soil, etc. MANOMETER (a.k.a piezometer) used to measure underground water pressure