Pathophysiology HESI final Exam review questions and answers. Highly examined QUIZES

Pathophysiology HESI final Exam review questions and answers. Highly examined QUIZES Document Content and Description Below What kind of nursing implications will come with diverticulosis? - encourage 2-3 L of fluid per day, assess stools for color, consistency, frequency, and presence, and offer high dietary roughage. What are the warning signs of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia and also an elevated fever What is the glucose level in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state? - above 600 How severe is the dehydration that comes with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? - it is so bad it can send you into a diabetic coma. What are the classifications of osteoporosis? - type 1 is associated with early menopausal estrogen deficiency, type 2 is senile osteoporosis with calcium with calcium deficiency What kind of nursing implications come with osteoporosis? - implement an exercise regimen that incorporates weight bearing exercises and instruct on adequate calcium intake through diet or supplements How can you test hCG. hormones - you can test for detection by blood test about 11 days after conceptions and about 14 days after conception by urine test. The levels will peak in the first 8-11 weeks Explain starling's law - the greater the muscle fibers are stretched, the more the heart can pump out blood more forcefully, so the CO will be increased. What is tissue plasminogen activator? - it is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown When would you use tissue plasminogen activator? - for treatment of acute ischemic stroke What is cardiac tamponade? - It is compression of heart muscles by excess fluid or blood within the pericardial sac What would you hear in someone who has cardiac tamponade? - you would hear a friction rub Where do you want your HDL levels to be at? - above 35mg/dL What is the most abundant plasma protein? - albumin What is the purpose of albumin? - it helps move many small molecules through the blood When would you have decreased albumin? - After weight-loss surgery, Crohn's disease, low-protein diets, sprue, whipple disease What are the 2 dysfunctions of CHF - diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction What is diastolic dysfunction? - occurs when ventricles pump against extremely high afterload as in primary HTN What is systolic dysfunction - occurs when ventricles experience damage as in MI and ventricle cannot contract effectively. This leads to an increase in preload. What is the pathological definition of emphysema? - It is breakdown of elastin and collagen fiber network of alveoli whereby alveoli enlarge or walls are destroyed. How would a person's breathing be affected with emphysema ? - The person would starts to hyperventilate to maintain ABGs. Cyanosis will come later in emphysema. What is the cause of Addison's disease? - it is a deficit of adrenocorticotropic hormones. What kind of traumas can cause hypo function of the adrenal cortex? - surgical removal, infection or tumor of adrenal glands, head trauma (because it affects the pituitary) How is sodium affected in decreased function of the adrenal hormones? - increased NA excretion. What is pannus - vascular granulation tissue that forms in synovial membrane of clients with RA What