ocarbons
1
① Alkanes
↳General formula:Cntant 2
↳ saturated (only have single bands)
-
Butane
↳ end in'-ane'
② Alkenes
↳ General Formula:Cnttan
↳ have least
at one double bond
3
↳ End in '-ene
-
E.g. Butene
both
③ Alkynes
unsaturated
↳ General Formula:(nHer-2
↳ have least one
at triple bond
↳ end in'-yne'
-
E.g. Butyne
④
Cyclic Hydrocarbons
1. cycloalkanes
↳
General formula:Cutter
↳ Similar chemical properties to
alkanes as theyhe only single bonds
↳E.g. Cyclohexane (Cottiz)
2. Aromatic hydrocarbans
(Cotts)
cyclohexane Benzene
↳E.g. Benzene
&
points
Hiking Isomers
-
↳Same molecular formula
1 -
Carboxylic acid ↳ Different structures
↳More H-bonds
2 -
Alcohols
↳ H-bands
3 -
Esters
↳
Only d-d
4 -
Hydrocarbons
↳ onlydispersion
↳ more c, higher boiling
↳straight, branched
States
dispersion, found
↓
smaller molecules) less as gas
attraction between
atoms
medium length > more dispersion, liquid increase
long molecules) high dispersion solid
, BranchedAlkanet.tl H H H
Parent chain
15 14 13 12 If
H-IE-c-c-c-C-t.tl I 1
I 1
H
¥,-
H H H C
substituent
① Parent chain
→ no .
of C
-
② substituent
mdP↳%%TÉna;n
2-
③ Number carbons on parent chain
to substituent
name
→
→
can number
number in direction
L→R ,
R→L
which be position of substituent
name
substituent has lowest number
H H H H H H
H
it it
t
15 1 12
H
1 6 14 3 1 , , I
It
cHt
H - -
it -
c -
c -
c -
H
12
'
3
l l l l l l 1 1
H H
H H C H H H
111 1-1/17-1
H C H C
'
HH
HH 3- methyl pentane
H
H H H H H "
5 14 13 12 11 H "
1 H
H
It H
HÉÉ
-
-
l l l l l H
t¥
H
H c- / I 1
'
H
/ +,
H
' H
-
C -
H
C -
H
H+,
Hi 't H
H
212,3 -
trimethyl butane
3- ethyl 2- methyl pentane
semi -
structural :(CH 3) z CHC ( CH 3) 3
-B. substituent put in bracket when
they 're made from a) kite groups
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
1
① Alkanes
↳General formula:Cntant 2
↳ saturated (only have single bands)
-
Butane
↳ end in'-ane'
② Alkenes
↳ General Formula:Cnttan
↳ have least
at one double bond
3
↳ End in '-ene
-
E.g. Butene
both
③ Alkynes
unsaturated
↳ General Formula:(nHer-2
↳ have least one
at triple bond
↳ end in'-yne'
-
E.g. Butyne
④
Cyclic Hydrocarbons
1. cycloalkanes
↳
General formula:Cutter
↳ Similar chemical properties to
alkanes as theyhe only single bonds
↳E.g. Cyclohexane (Cottiz)
2. Aromatic hydrocarbans
(Cotts)
cyclohexane Benzene
↳E.g. Benzene
&
points
Hiking Isomers
-
↳Same molecular formula
1 -
Carboxylic acid ↳ Different structures
↳More H-bonds
2 -
Alcohols
↳ H-bands
3 -
Esters
↳
Only d-d
4 -
Hydrocarbons
↳ onlydispersion
↳ more c, higher boiling
↳straight, branched
States
dispersion, found
↓
smaller molecules) less as gas
attraction between
atoms
medium length > more dispersion, liquid increase
long molecules) high dispersion solid
, BranchedAlkanet.tl H H H
Parent chain
15 14 13 12 If
H-IE-c-c-c-C-t.tl I 1
I 1
H
¥,-
H H H C
substituent
① Parent chain
→ no .
of C
-
② substituent
mdP↳%%TÉna;n
2-
③ Number carbons on parent chain
to substituent
name
→
→
can number
number in direction
L→R ,
R→L
which be position of substituent
name
substituent has lowest number
H H H H H H
H
it it
t
15 1 12
H
1 6 14 3 1 , , I
It
cHt
H - -
it -
c -
c -
c -
H
12
'
3
l l l l l l 1 1
H H
H H C H H H
111 1-1/17-1
H C H C
'
HH
HH 3- methyl pentane
H
H H H H H "
5 14 13 12 11 H "
1 H
H
It H
HÉÉ
-
-
l l l l l H
t¥
H
H c- / I 1
'
H
/ +,
H
' H
-
C -
H
C -
H
H+,
Hi 't H
H
212,3 -
trimethyl butane
3- ethyl 2- methyl pentane
semi -
structural :(CH 3) z CHC ( CH 3) 3
-B. substituent put in bracket when
they 're made from a) kite groups
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
