EMT STATE EXAM Q&A WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

EMT STATE EXAM The role of the EMS Provider is to do all of the following EXCEPT: - Provide definitive diagnosis In what portion should an unconscious overdose patient be transported to a hospital? - On his/her side Which of the following pieces of equipment is especially designed and useful for removing patients from heights or for carrying them over rough terrain or rubble? - Stokes basket The prehospital care report (PCR) is considered to be: - A part of the patients hospital chart EMS providers must be certified to perform legally at their level of training. The New York State law that establishes this level is the: - Public Health Law In consent is refused by a conscious and mentally competent adult, that person CANNOT be treated without: - Orders from Medical Control You are called to a rural home by the mother of a 4-year-old girl. Upon arrival, you begin to treat a dog-bite wound on the girls arm when the girl's father comes into the house and tells you to leave her alone. The mother asks you to continue your care of the child. Faced with the situation above, you should: - Continue care of the girl in her mother's presence and notify police Providing care within the scope practice would be considered to be an accordance with: - State law An accident victim who is a minor has blood spurting from the brachial artery. The parents are not present. Which one of the following actions should the EMS provider take? - Presume that parental consent is implied and proceed with treatment You are called to the residence of a 74-year-old female who has fallen and has a large area of ecchymosis on her left hip. You are met by a neighbor, who was caring for the patient while her daughter was out of town. The neighbor explains that the patient has a history of Alzheimer's and presents a NYS Department of Health Non-Hospital Order Not to Resuscitate (DNR) form. This patient is unable to communicate, so you should: - Treat the patient for a potential hip fracture Approximately how many liters of blood does an adult male weighing 150 lb have in his body? - 6 liters An EMS provider responds to a call and finds an 80-year-old female with no pulse or respirations. The patient has a history of terminal brain cancer. The family states that the last time she was seen alive was just 5 minutes prior calling EMS. They also state that the patient has a DNR order. In New York State, EMS personnel may accept which of the following DNR instruments as valid? - Written nonhospital DNR The OPPOSITE of distal is: - Proximal The alveoli of the lungs are in close contact with the: - Pulmonary capillaries The tubelike anatomical structure that carries air from the throat to the lungs is the: - Trachea The smooth glistening membranous sac in the body that surrounds each lung is called the: - Pleura The oropharyngeal airway is MOST APPROPRIATELY used in a/an: - Unconscious patient being ventilated by a bag-valve-mask You are suctioning a trauma patient who has large blood clots present in the mouth. You should: - Sweet the clots out of the mouth before suctioning Which liter flow is INAPPRORIATE for oxygen administration via a nasal cannula? - 7-8 liters/minute Food and liquids are prevented from entering the trachea by the: - Epiglottis In caring for a non-breathing patient with a stoma or tracheotomy tube, the EMS Provider must: - Ventilate through the neck opening When you arrive at a scene of a motor vehicle accident, your FIRST concern must be: - Ensure your own safety While assessing the mechanism of injury at the motor vehicle crash, an EMS Provider notice that the airbag has been deployed. The EMS Provider should: - Lift the airbag and check underneath for damage In people whose skin is darkly pigmented, cyanosis is BEST seen by observing: - Mucosal membranes A 65-year-old male was involved in a two-car motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, he complains of chest pain when breathing and tenderness of the sternum. Your INITIAL care should include: - Administering high-concentration oxygen In assessing a pediatric trauma patients capillary refill time, an abnormal finding would be a refill time, an abnormal finding would be a refill time of: - Greater than 2 seconds A patient with acute respiratory distress requiring oxygen therapy is LEAST likely to exhibit: - A slow pulse rate In an unstable patient, the primary assessment should be repeated at least every: - b. 5 minutes When you take a pulse of a patient, you are really: - Counting the pressure waves of blood that the heart sends through an artery A patient is found lying supine along a roadside. There are no witnesses to describe what happened. Which of the following steps should be done FIRST? - Asset for unresponsiveness For a trauma victim with a respiratory rate of 40/min, shallow and irregular, who is pale and has a history of emphysema, the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment would be to: - Use a bag-valve-mask with supplemental oxygen The most reliable early indicator used to assess a patients overall condition is the patients - Mental status In assessing a trauma patient, an EMS Provider should consider the patients past: - Medical history All of the following are considered signs EXCEPT: - Nausea The diastolic blood pressure is the level of pressure present during: - Relaxation of the heart Systolic blood pressure indicates the pressure when the: - Ventricles are contracting If life-threatening conditions are identified during the Secondary Assessment, the EMS provider should IMMEDIATELY: - Provide life-saving interventions If the EMS Provider conducting a patient assessment discovers eye pupils of unequal size, he/she should suspect: - Head injury In performing a reassessment on a 10-year-old pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle, the EMS Providers first step is to: - Repeat the Primary Assessment The central nervous system consists of the: - Brain and spinal cord Which of the following usually follows a convulsion? - Drowsiness The signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following EXCEPT: - High blood pressure Which one of the following symptoms is NOT an early signal of anaphylaxis? - Seizures Autoinjectors for anaphylactic patients contain: - Epinephrine A sudden-onset altered mental status with a history of diabetes will exhibit which of the following signs and/or symptoms? - Rapid pulse and cool and clammy skin A 28-year-old patient presents supine on the floor, unconscious, unresponsive, and with snoring respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. Bystanders report that the patient is diabetic, takes no medications, and may have ingested heroin half an hour prior to the EMS Providers arrival. After opening the patients airway, the EMS provider should: - Insert an airway adjunct and ventilate with 100% oxygen using a bag-valve-mask A patient with a history of diabetes has an altered mental status due to diabetic emergency. The EMS provider should: - Administer a sugar concentrate, if there is no danger that the patient will aspirate A diabetic emergency with a rapid onset is due to: - Too much insulin Which of the following result(s) from hypoglycemia? - Drowsiness and confusion caused by lack of glucose to the brain A sign or symptom of decreased oxygen to the heart muscle is: - Chest pain Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic finding in a patient who is having a heart attack? - Unequal pupils An EMS provider is called to the home of a 75-year-old man who complains of crushing substernal chest pain which began 1 hour ago while eating lunch. He has taken two nitroglycerin tablets with no relief. The EMS Provider should suspect: - Myocardial infarction A female patient with chest pain tells you that she regularly takes nitroglycerin and "water pills," and that she has to sleep propped up on three pillows. Your treatment should include: - Administering oxygen via non-rebreather The chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs is the: - Right ventricle The chamber of the heart that is the most muscular is the: - Left ventricle The blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries of the lungs to the heart is referred to as the: - Pulmonary vein A 52-year-old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs are BP 90/60 P = 120, R = 24. The patient should be administered - High concentration oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing The walls of which of the following blood vessels permit oxygen to be exchanged for carbon dioxide and other waste materials? - Capillaries What is the name for the vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body? - Arteries What acute disorder of the cardiovascular system is caused by a sudden blockage of the coronary arteries? - Myocardial infarction A child drank some unknown fluid. You arrive at the scene and note the following signs: the child's mouth and lips are a reddish color, and the child is coughing and gagging. You assess and manage the ABC's and begin transport. What should you do next? - Contact medical control for direction What do bluish mucous membranes in a patient suggest? - Hypoxia To help a person who is breathing difficulty, the EMS provider should: - Administer oxygen Proper care for a conscious victim of a respiratory emergency is: - Assisting the patient with his/her inhaler Which of the following blood components combats infection? - White blood cell The function of the red blood cells is to: - Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide When performing CPR of an infant, the MINIMUM rate if chest compressions is at least: - 100 per minute