NY EMT Final Exam Study with complete solution

NY EMT Final Exam Study MAST Review - Systolic blood pressure has to be below 50 mm Hg. MAST trousers put pressure on the legs to get more blood to the heart. Another incident is systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg and an unstable pelvic fracture. Which type of consent allows you to treat an unconscious patient? - Implied Consent *IMPORTANT* In anatomic terms, an injury midway down the left forearm would be considered: - Distal to the elbow because it is further away from the shoulder (USE YOUR ARM AND ACTUALLY LOOK AT WHERE THE INJURY IS.) The systolic blood pressure is when the: - Ventricles are contracting. *IMPORTANT* Which of the following best defines the term "to auscultate" - Listening. When examining a patient at the scene of an auto accident, you should check for injuries to an extremity by doing all of the following EXCEPT - Manipulating the extremity for abnormal motion. The "A" in the mnemonic AVPU, stands for: - Alert. V = Verbal, P = Pain, U = Unresponsive *IMPORTANT* Foreign objects are kept from entering the trachea by the: - Epiglottis *IMPORTANT* In caring for a non-breathing patient with a stoma or tracheostomy tube, the EMS provider must: - Ventilate through the neck opening In one minute, what should be the least amount of rate on compressions? - 100. (The rate of compressions should be 100-120). *IMPORTANT* What part of your hand do you use to do compressions? - The heel of your hand. A previously conscious patient with a partial airway obstruction becomes unconscious, and the patient's "crowing" noises have stopped. The EMS Provider should: - Treat the patient as a complete airway obstruction patient. Since the crowing noises stopped, the patients airway must be completely obstructed Pulse Rates: - Adult = 60-100, Newborn (1 yr) = 100-160, Toddler (1-3 yrs) = 90-150, Preschooler (4-5 yrs) = 80-140, School-age (6-12 yrs) = 70-120 Rescue Breathing: How many breaths per minute (infant, child, adult) - Infant = 20/min, Child = 12-20/min (once every 3-5 seconds), Adult = 12/min (once every 5 seconds) CPR Compression Depth - Infant = 1/3 (about 1.5 inches), Child = 1/3 (about 2 inches), Adult = at least 2 inches CPR Compression Rate: how many compressions per minute - at least 100/min for all CPR Compression to Ventilation Ratio - Adult = 30:2 (for 1 or 2 rescuers), Child = 30:2 for 1 rescuer, 15:2 for 2 rescuers, Infant = 30:2 for 1 rescuer, 15:2 for 2 rescuers. Nasal Cannula (flow rate / oxygen concentration) - Flow rate = 1-6 L/min, Oxygen concentration = 24-44% Non rebreather (flow rate/ oxygen concentration) - Flow rate = 12-15 L/min, Oxygen concentration = 90-100% An adult patient has a foreign body obstruction and is able to forcefully cough The EMS Provider's MOST APPROPRIATE action is to: - Not interfere and monitor the patient. You are treating a conscious infant who has a complete airway obstruction. What is the FIRST technique to be used to clear the airway of the obstruction? - Five back blows. In placing the hands on an adult patient's sternum to perform CPR, the EMS Provider should: - Hold the fingers outward and slightly away from the chest wall. *USE YOUR HANDS AND LITERALLY COPY WHAT THE ANSWER CHOICES SAY* While performing resuscitation on an infant or a child, you should ventilate every: - 3 seconds or 20 times a minute You have attempted to insert a nasopharyngeal airway into the right nostril of the patient, but have encountered resistance. You should: - Re-lubricate the tube and try the other nostril. Adequate ventilation volume using a bag valve mask may require the EMT/Paramedic to: - Have a second EMS provider squeeze the bag completely. The purpose of the first set of vital signs is to: - Establish a baseline for additional *IMPORTANT* Any physical examination of a patient should begin with: - Inspection All of the following are part of the respiratory system EXCEPT A) trachea B) larynx C) esophagus d) alveoli e) diaphragm - Esophagus