CHEM-C125 Exam 3- Accurate

acid - Answer- Arrhenius definition: a substance that has H in its formula and ionizes in water to yield H3O+ base - Answer- Arrhenius definition: a substance that has OH in its formula and dissociates in water to yield OH- salt water - Answer- a reaction between acid and hydroxide base always yields ____ and ____ formation of H3O+ ion - Answer- most of the time a hydrogen ion will find a water molecule to attach itself to HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4 (only loss of first H is strong) HClO4 HClO3 - Answer- seven strong acids LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 - Answer- eight strong bases acid - Answer- bronsted-lowry definition: a proton donor, any species that donates an H+ ion; must contain an H in its formula base - Answer- bronsted-lowry definition: a proton acceptor, any species that accepts an H+ ion; must contain a lone pair of electrons proton transfer reactions - Answer- bronsted-lowry reactions are ____ ____ ____ acid hydrogen ion base - Answer- bronsted-lowry reactions: protons source (____) donates a ____ ____ to a lone pair on the acceptor (____) acid - Answer- lewis definition: an electron pair acceptor base - Answer- lewis definition: an electron pair donor hydrogen to be part of the molecule - Answer- lewis definition does not require ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ bronsted-lowry acids and bases - Answer- all Arrhenius acids and bases are ____ lewis acids and bases - Answer- all bronsted-lowry acids and bases are ____ 100% - Answer- strong acids ionize ____ 100% - Answer- strong bases dissociate ____ 100% to form ions - Answer- weak acids and weak bases do not go ____ ____ ____ ____ equilibrium equilibrium constant expression can be written - Answer- weak acids and weak bases develop an ____; thus an ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ more the equilibrium lies towards the products stronger - Answer- the larger the value of the equilibrium constant the ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____; thus the ____ the acid or base same number equilibrium constants - Answer- need to have the ____ ____ of acidic protons or available electron pairs in order to directly compare the ____ ____ equilibrium reaction - Answer- when do you use an ICE table? driven reaction - Answer- when do you use a BRA table? HCl(aq) + H2O(l) - H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) - Answer- general strong acid and weak acid reaction KOH(aq) - K+(aq) + OH-(aq) - Answer- general strong base and weak base reaction 1 x 10^-14 - Answer- what does Kw equal. 14 - Answer- pH + pOH = _____ pH - Answer- ____ = -log[H3O+] pOH - Answer- ____ = -log[OH-] 1 x 10^-14 - Answer- ____ = [H3O+][OH-] acidic - Answer- the more ____ the solution the lower the pH value. neutral - Answer- pH = 7 is ____ acidic - Answer- pH 7 is ____ basic - Answer- pH 7 is ____ weak conjugate base - Answer- conjugate acids and bases: strong acid - ____ ____ ____ strong conjugate base - Answer- conjugate acids and bases: weak acid - ____ ____ ____ conjugate base - Answer- when a weak acid donates a proton what remains behind is a ____ ____ conjugate acid - Answer- when a weak base accepts a proton what is produced is a ____ ____ the weaker the conjugate base - Answer- conjugate acids and bases: the stronger an acid.. the stronger the conjugate base - Answer- conjugate acids and bases: the weaker an acid.. the weaker the conjugate acid - Answer- conjugate acids and bases: the stronger a base.. the stronger the conjugate acid - Answer- conjugate acids and bases: the weaker a base.. percent ionization - Answer- the equilibrium concentration of H3O+ divided by the initial concentration of the acid percent ionization equation - Answer- 14 - Answer- pKa + pKb = pKw = ____ pKa - Answer- ____ = -logKa pKb - Answer- ____ = -logKb smaller stronger - Answer- the larger value of Ka, the ____ value of pKa and ____ the weak acid. smaller stronger - Answer- the larger value of Kb, the ____ value of pKb and ____ the weak base buffer solutions (buffers) - Answer- solutions which resist changes in pH; since both an acid and base are present in the solution solutions of a weak acid and its salt solutions of a weak base and its salt - Answer- what solutions are found to be buffers? conjugate pairs - Answer- ____ ____ differ by one hydrogen ion H3O+(aq) + A-(aq) - H2O(l) + HA(aq) - Answer- general reaction for the addition of a strong acid to a buffer OH-(aq) + HA(aq) - H2O(l) + A-(aq) - Answer- general reaction for the addition of a strong base to a buffer 5% - Answer- take assumption to be valid that x is negligible without using the ____ no - Answer- do you have to check if x is negligible in this chapter? Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - Answer- only use when conjugate pairs are both present initially! Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - Answer- common ion effect types of problems. understanding which form an acid or base will be in at a particular pH. to determine the ratio of base to acid for a buffer of a particular pH. determining the half-equivalence point in a titration. - Answer- when is the henderson-hasselbalch equations important to use? pH = pKa - Answer- principle species at a particular pH: when [A-] = [HA]; ... pH pKa - Answer- principle species at a particular pH: when [A-] [HA]; ... pH pKa - Answer- principle species at a particular pH: when [A-] [HA]; ... the principal species present at any pH - Answer- the pKa of the acid of the conjugate pair is the dividing line for determining ... ten-fold difference in concentration of conjugate pairs - Answer- any pH change of 1 unit is a ... the choice of the system and thus the Ka. the ratio of the concentration of conjugate pairs. - Answer- what does the pH of a buffer depend upon? added strong acid or added strong base - Answer- buffering capacity: has the ability to absorb... need to prepare a buffer solution with a specific pH; assume [base] = [acid] - Answer- how to choose a buffer system... titration of acid with a base - Answer- what is an acid-base titration? moles of added base is equal to the moles of acid - Answer- titration of strong acid with a strong base: what is the equivalence point? pH = 7; all ions present in solution are spectator ions - Answer- titration of strong acid with a strong base: what is the pH at equivalence point? acidic - Answer- titration of strong acid with a strong base: an acid-base titration is ____ when it starts moles of added base is equal to moles of acid - Answer- what is the equivalence point? pH 7; conjugate base of weak acid present in solution - Answer- titration of weak acid with a strong base: what is the pH at equivalence point? titration curve of strong acid with a strong base - Answer- titration curve of weak acid with a strong base - Answer- titration curve of a weak base with a strong acid - Answer-