Summary GCSE AQA Geography Development & India Case Study Notes

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Geography GCSE -
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(Development &
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Case Study: India)
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, Characteristics of countries ● Developing:
○ Care for the people is low
○ Lack of infrastructure; buildings, roads
○ Short life expectancy
○ High birth rate
○ Low access to education
○ Lack of necessary resources
○ rural ; isolated communities
○ Overcrowded cities
■ E.g Nepal, Haiti, Cuba,
Malawi, Bangladesh




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● Emerging:
○ Offer better education
○ More variety of jobs
○ Improved life expectancy
○ Economy will grow and improve
○ Has evidence of inequality and poverty
○ More infrastructure
○ More luxuries




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○ Not as good as developed
■ E.g Brazil, Russia, India,
China, South Africa (BRICS)
● Developed:
○ More care for people




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○ Better healthcare
○ Suitable housing for families and people
○ Less poverty
○ Low birth rate
○ High life expectancy

ns ○
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Low death rate
Access to good education
Access to jobs
High GDP
More luxuries
■ E.g France, Spain, Singapore,
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England, Australia, Canada


Development indicators: ● GDP = Gross Domestic Product (per capita)
● Death rate
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○ The total value of goods and services
● Quality of life made by a country in a year per head
● People per doctor
population
● Life expectancy
● Literacy rate ● GNI = Gross National Income
● Clean water ○ How much income the country has
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made in a year
● CPI = Corruptions Perceptions Index
○ Measures how safe from corruption that
countries are perceived to be
○ 10 (honest), 0 (very corrupt)
● HDI = Human Development Index
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○ This is a combination of several different
measurements put together. It produces
a score of between 0 to 1. The closer to
1, the better.
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○ Includes:
■ GNI (if not GDP per capita)
■ Life expectancy
■ Years of schooling (if not
Literacy rate)
● Birth Rate = number of live births per 1,000 of the
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population per year
● Death Rate = number of deaths per 1,000 of the
population per year
● Fertility Rate = the average number of babies
born to each woman
● Infant mortality = the death of an infant before hir
or her first birthday - the number of infant deaths
for every 1,000 live births




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, ● Maternal mortality = number of mothers that die
during childbirth (before per 1,000 per year).



Population pyramids
● A diagram that shows the proportions of men and
women in each age group in a country’s
population
○ Youth (0-15 years)
○ Economically active (16-64 years)
○ Aged (65+ years)




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● Developed country population pyramid
○ High life expectancy
○ In migration workers (people migrate
here)
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○ Large economically active
○ Narrow base
○ Low birth rate
○ Low fertility rate
○ Consistent bars
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○ Low death rate
○ Broad top
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● Developing country population pyramid
○ High birth rate




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